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all essay plans for A level history mao's china chapters 3-4
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Decode the ques onHow accurate is it to say that Mao’s main mo ves for launching the Cultural Revolu on in 1966 were ideological rather than poli cal?
State your argument Paragraph focus and opening point Iden fy your pieces of evidence including however point
- it is only par ally Paragraph 1 - establish poli cal aims - - there was a split of opinions between the ideologues and pragma sts
accurate to say that undermining his opponents within the CCP / within the party
Mao’s main mo ves for divisions between ideologues and pragma sts - Deng and Liu , the pragma sts, restored private farming a er the failure of
launching the Cultural the great leap forward - too revisionist for Mao
Revolu on in 1966 were - He saw advocates of the pragma c approach as capitalist roaders
ideological rather then - Divide between the two branches of thinking within the party became
poitcal, as one his key apparent during the 7,000 cadre conference - Mao cri cised the new
aims was to remove economic reforms whiilst others cri cised the great leap forward and Mao’s
opponents and the economic policies. A erwards, Mao launched the Socialist Educa on
bureaucracy within the Movement which preached collec vism and aimed to root out corrup on
party, however he was amongst cadres.
also mo vated by - By 1964, Mao was publicly accusing Liu of being a capitalist-roadster and
ideological reasons such campaigns against Liu and Deng were launched
as the quest for - Proof that there was poli cal mo va on - a key result of the Cultural
permanent revolu on. Revolu on was the removal of pragma sts in the party ie Mao’s opponents.
Liu was imprisoned and died of neglect, Deng was exiled to perform labour
in a tractor factory
- Therefore was a key aim as it gave Mao an excuse to remove his poli cal
opponents
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, Paragraph 2- ideological aims were also key - Mao wanted permanent revolu on - he was worried the revolu on was
loosing impetus and that people involved inc campaigns were far more
likely to defend the changes they had made
- Young people did not remember the an s campaigns / the struggle against
Japan and needed a de ning revolu onary struggle to keep them loyal to
the revolu on and to Mao
- Therefore this was key aim to launch the cultural revolu on and Mao’s
endorsement of the red guards
- However could be argued it was also poli cal as he mobilised the people
against his enemies - eg they mobbed Liu and his wife
- the aim for permanent revolu on was linked to desire to undermine the
Paragraph 3 - a acks on bureaucracy
bureaucracy
- Featured they were becoming a self-sa s ed elite class, and in order to avoid the
mistakes of Russia , they had to be eliminated
- In order to root our corrup on and complacency from inside the party, bureaucrats
had to be targeted
- Poli cal aim as it aimed to eliminate a class of people that were poli cally opposed
to Mao - however could be argued they were ideologically opposed to him
Conclusion -There
Cr ledwas
to deaths / imprisonmemt
a balance of moreand
between ideological then
poli1millioon
cal aims- therefore can’t be
argued the main mo ves were ideological as wll as poli c al, because they both
overlapped and there is no proof of either side holding more weight - Mao was both
ideologically and poli cally mo vated, as shown with the great leap forward and
an s movements to remove enemies
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, Decode the ques on
How accurate is it to say that the main consequences of the Cultural Revolu on was the destruc on of tradi onal Chinese culture?
State your argument Paragraph focus and opening point Iden fy your pieces of evidence including however point
- destruc on of tradi onal culture was a de ning - A acked the ‘four olds campaign’ - a acked old habits, ideas, culture and
consequence - however it was resisted in many customs
- Main = the de ning areas, and other factors were led so it isn’t the - Children/street names changed to things like ‘permanent revolu on’ and
consequence - the whole consequence red tra cs lights changed to mean ‘go’, not stop
impact that most - Tempels desecrated, old Qing era archways demolished whilst people sang
a ected China ‘smash the four olds’, 100,00 homes broken into search for ‘old’ relics,
- Therefore, it is par ally Confucius’s hometown destroyed during a 4 week stay by red guards and
accurate to say the 2000 graves defaced there.
main consequence of - 19th century cultural hero Wu Xun unburied, burned and condemned
the cultural revolu on - Got increasingly violent and ‘class enemies’ were sent to re-educa on or
was the destruc on of brutally killed/imprisoned/embarrassed and many commi ed suicide
tradi onal Chinese - Therefore had a huge cultural e ect on China - however arguably had a
- culture as it had a huge bigger one on Tibet
- - Was resisted - eg in Beijing local people intervened to protect some
- a ect on Chinese historical treasures from cultural destruc on, the forbidden city (arguably
- culture, however the the most famous symbol; of an emperor) was protected by Zhou Enlai.
-
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