Class notes
Class notes PNP (PNP401) Study Guide for Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Class notes for nursing students about fluid and electrolytes
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Test Bank - Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 7th Edition (VanMeter 2023) Chapter 1-28 | All Chapters
-
Test Bank for Goulds Pathophysiology For The Health Professions 6th Edition by Robert J. Hubert, Karin C. VanMeter | Complete Guide A+
-
Test Bank for Gould's Patho physiology for the Health Professions, 7th Edition (Van Meter 2023) Chapter 1-28 | Complete Verified Study Guide 2024
Seller
Follow
willowsunsent
Content preview
Sodium Imbalance – NORMAL range 3.8 – 5 mmol/L or 135-145mEq1.What is Sodium?
-Is mainly a cation in ECF. Diffusion of Na occurs b/t vascular and ISF
-GOAL: MAINTAIN BP + BLOOD VOL
2. Why is Na important?
-for maintenance of ECF vol thru its effect on osmotic pressure b/c it makes up 90% of the solute in ECF
-is essential in conduction of nerve impulses and in muscle contraction
2. How is Na transported?
-transport across the cell membrane via Na-K pump, or active transport resulting in Na levels that high in ECF
and low in ICF.
3. What does Na do to the body?
-is secreted into mucus and others.
-it exists in the body inn form of salt sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate.
4. How is Na ingested and expelled?
-ingested via food and bev; lost from the body in perspiration, urine and feces
5. How is Na controlled in body?
-Na is primary controlled by the kidneys thru action of aldosterone (RAAS)
6. What are the causes of hyponatremia
-Losses from excessive sweating, vomiting and diarrhea
-Use of certain diuretic drugs combined with low-salt diets
-Hormonal imbalances like insufficient aldosterone, adrenal insufficiency, and excess ADH secretion d/t
inappropriate ADH hormone secretion
-Early chronic renal failure
-Excessive water intake
7. Effects of Hyponatremia
-low Na can impair nerve conduction resulting in fluin imbalance
-decreased osmotic pressure in ECF resulting fluid shift into cells causing hypovolemia and decrease in bp
-due to fluid shift to the cells it can cause swell resulting confusion, headache, weakness or seizures
8. Manifestation of Hyponatremia: WEAK + SHAKEY
-cramps, anorexia, nausea (CAN)
-fatigue, lethargy, muscle weakness
-headache, confusion, seizures (SCH)
-decreased bp
9. Effects of Hypernatremia – occurs d/t lack of water intake or too much water loss; fluid shifts out of cells d/t increases
osmotic pressure of ECF
-lack of ADH resulting in a large volume of dilute urine (diabetes insipidus)
-loss of thirst mechanism which means that you are not getting thirst signals; hence, you don’t drink water
-watery diarrhea for some reason
-prolonged period of rapid respiration as when you exhale, water evaporates
10. Manifestation of hypernatremia: BIG AND BLOATED
-weakness, agitation, firm SUBQ tissue, lethargy, edema, elevated bp
-increase thirst, with dry, rough mucus membranes
-decrease urine output b/c ADH is secreted
Potassium Imbalance – major cation in ICF; normal range 3.5-5mEq/L or 2-5 mmol/L
1.What is K+ purpose?
-vital in nerve conduction and contraction of all the muscle. Has serious effect on contraction of cardiac muscle
causing changes in ECG and may cause cardiac arrest
-GOAL: CONTRACTION of smooth muscle like GI, heart
-REGULATEF BY: kidneys
2. How is K+ excreted?
-via urine under the influence of hormone aldosterone (K+ excreted = Na retain)
3. What is the connection of insulin hormone and K+?
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller willowsunsent. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now