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Samenvatting the basal ganglia again

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  • May 25, 2017
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By: JimmyJonker • 5 year ago

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ACTIE
TAAK 3: THE BASAL GANGLIA
Whichmann – the basal ganglia
The basal ganglia consist of several interconnected nuclei

Basale ganglia:

1) Striatum: wordt gescheiden door de internal capsule naar de caudate nucleus en de putamen. Deze geeft de
meeste input naar de basale ganglia en ontvangt vooral projecties van de cerebrale cortex, hersenstam en
thalamus.
2) Globus pallidus: bestaat uit een intern en extern deel met elk andere verbindingen en functie. De interne is de
grootste output van de basale ganglia terwijl de externe deel is van het intrinsieke circuit
3) Substantia nigra: bestaat uit de pars compacta en pars reticulata. De pars compacta bevat dopamine cellen
die naar het striatum projecteren en naar andere nuclei in de basale ganglia. De pars reticulata is ook de
output van de basale ganglia.
 Pars reticulata, substantia nigra en internal segment van de globus pallidus worden gezien als 1 enkele
structuur (output) gescheiden door de internal capsule.
4) Subthalamic nucleus: een kleine nucleus tussen de thalamus en de substantia nigra. Krijgt info van het external
segment van de globus pallidus, de cerebrale cortex, thalamus en
hersenstam. Zend output naar de globus pallidus en de substantia
nigra (pars reticulata). De corticale input naar de subthalamic nucleus
en subthalamopallidal projecties heten hyperdirect pathway (fig 43-
2).




Het striatum (die de meeste input naar de basale ganglia geeft) projecteert naar de interne
pallidus en de substantia nigra pars reticulata. De axonen van het striatum gaan via twee
pathways:

- Directe monosynaptische verbinding
- Indirecte polysynaptische verbinding: gaat eerst via de externe pallidus en daarna pas verder.



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