Unit 36.1 - Protest, agitation and parliamentary reform in Britain, c1780-1928
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Access to History: Protest, Agitation and Parliamentary Reform in Britain 1780-1928 for Edexcel
These are my notes for the Protest, Agitation and Parliamentary Reform Paper. They are coherent and detailed, and should be sufficient for the basis of your revision.
UPDATE: I got A* at A-Level in August 2017
HISTORY A LEVEL CHANGES TO THE FRANCHISE NOTES (A*)
Britain - Protest and agitation 1780-1928 Revision Guide
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Pearson (PEARSON)
History 2015
Unit 36.1 - Protest, agitation and parliamentary reform in Britain, c1780-1928
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Context
• Two largest political forces: Whigs (later Liberals)and Tories (later Conservatives)
• Tories: strongly opposed to parliamentary reform, traditionally defended rights of the
monarch and Church of England, in favour of the strong enforcement of law and order
• Whigs: similarly opposed to parliamentary reform, but more pragmatic on the issue,
increasingly representative of progressive politics
• Consistently, the poor were divided between the ‘deserving’ or ‘respectable’ poor and the
‘undeserving’ ‘residuum’ poor
• the language of the working class was aspirational, no concessions were made in
newspapers for reading ability; and often patriotic e.g. England (‘all of Britain’) and
Briton (evocatively patriotic)
• highly religious - many working class were nonconformists and catholics
• working classes targeted ‘old corruption’, based in the whiggish belief that English
society was working back to the idealised Anglo-Saxon period - this could be achieved
through adherence to the Magna Carter, the break from Rome by Henry VIII etc.
• War of Independence took place from 1775
• following Britain’s defeat, the Government was in disarray in the belief that the fall of
the empire was imminent
• many Britons were in favour of the war, such as Paine and Burke
• it exposed many problems in the British system of government e.g. that without a
codified constitution Britain had no set way by which to prevent tyranny
• Introduced the concept of ‘no taxation without representation’
• French Revolution began in 1789
• Burke opposed to revolution and the idea of giving the vote to the masses, whereas
Paine supported universal suffrage
• Irish Home Rule movement began following the Act of Union of 1800 which united Ireland
and Great Britain
• throughout the 19th and 20th century calls for Irish separatism were strong
• from the 1880s (following the 1884-5 Reform Act) Irish voters began electing Irish
party members rather than Liberals or Conservatives e.g. the Liberal Unionists
• slavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1833, and became a part of the national
identity that Britain was an anti-slavery country - therefore references to slavery or chains
evoked a national feeling
• 1866 there was a financial collapse causing 200 businesses to collapse along with it
• A shock as for 15 years Britain had been in the so-called ‘age of equipose’ with
prosperity and confidences following the ‘hungry’ 1840s
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