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Summary ENTIRE SET OF GEOGRAPHY ALEVEL EDEXCEL PAPER 2 CASE STUDIES $26.60   Add to cart

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Summary ENTIRE SET OF GEOGRAPHY ALEVEL EDEXCEL PAPER 2 CASE STUDIES

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ENTIRE GEOGRAPHY ALEVEL EDEXCEL PAPER 2 CASE STUDIES. Helped me get an A*

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  • August 23, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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Geography Paper 2 case studies



EU Trade Bloc

-28 members

-single currency adopted by 19 countries

Schengen area (26 countries) removes barriers

-Integrated economic policy – CAP

-ECJ and European parliament = political globalisation

-uniform product, labour and environmental regulations



ASEAN Trade Bloc-10 members

-worked to eliminate tariffs in favour of free trade to promote peace and stability

-members pledge not to have nuclear weapons

-aims to coordinate responses to regional political issues



Chinas Open Door policy 1978

-previously communist, ODP lead to economic liberalisation and opening up of FDI

SEZ created in 1980s, exports increased by 9900% from 1980-2000

-joined WTO in 2001 (removed export restrictions on rare minerals)

Benefits

-By 2006 FDI per year = $60bn

-nearly 800m people lifted out of poverty

-TNCs can develop industry + comparative advantage

Negatives

-Poor working conditions

-censorship

-SEZ= legal restrictions relaxed e.g. chemical usage

-Wages becoming more competitive (potential to global shift to Vietnam)



Jaguar land rover – outsourcing and offshoring

Outsourcing from China – Chery Automobile

,Offshoring in Brazil and Slovakia + company merger with Austrian company



Glocalisation



CocaCola = kekou Kele in China

-adapt packaging and flavours to match domestic tastes



North Korea – Switched off

-NK= hereditary autocracy

Since 1955 its followed junche policy of self-sufficiency

-minimised trade, emigration and tourism is prohibited

-Few TNCs and FDI

-censorship – propaganda of Dictator

10% have internet use




Sahel region as Switched off

-colonial era boarders divide ethnic groups (civil wars)

-corruption and political unrest

-unattractive to FDI (climate and capital wise)

-lacks infrastructure, factor immobility- poor literacy rates and high transport costs (landlocked)

Climate= desertification, drought, climate change, locust



China Outsourcing (global shift) Winners

-low cost of labour

-extreme poverty fell – 800m lifted out of poverty

(poverty =84% in 1980 to 10% in 2016)

-hi-tech manufacturing boom

-increased global competition so downward pressure on price

-investment into infrastructure – high speed rail

, -education is free for 5-15 year olds



But

-20% earn less than $2 a day which the WB classifies as poverty



India outsourcing of services – Winners (BT call centres in Bangalore)

Pros

-middle class wages

-profitable for outsourcing companies

Cons

-widens inequality

-work can be repetitive or at night due to time zones

-works lack bargaining power



India outsourcing- Nike

-Bhopal Disaster 1984

-leaked toxic gas from industrial accident at Nike

= water and soil contaminated with chemicals causing respiratory disorders, cancer, stillbirths

-20,000 died



India – river gangees

-1bn untreated sewage a day +inadequate cremation procedures – partially burnt floating corpse



Dharavi Slums + Mumbai

-22m population

Slums = water access for 2 hours a day at 5:30am

Poor sanitation and disease- Typhoic= 4,000 cases a day

NOTE= 85% employe




Global shift negatives (Detroit)

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