Summary Alevel History: Establishment of the Weimar Constitution Mindmap
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Course
Depth Study (7042CO)
Institution
AQA
Complete notes on the first subtopic of the AQA Alevel History, Democracy & Nazism from an A* student!!!
This includes information on;
-Ebert's struggle for power (Ebert-Groener Pact)
-The new political structure
-strengths & weaknesses of the constitution.
As part of my ALevel studies, I c...
Army = officers came from
aristocratic backgrounds, 2nd chamber made up of representatives from states.
However, by 1918 Represented in proportion to population but no state Provides advice to
conservative, loyal to Kaiser &
political crisis of could have more than 40% of seats Chancellor but could still H
Occupied office buildings and newspaper offices. With limited opposed to democracy. No wish to
Germany = highly be overridden by Reichstag h
support (whole membership only around 5000) army able to see G become a democracy
unstable le
crush it along with the Freikorps (paramilitary organisation su
made up of ex soldiers) Re
Survival of Ebert's gov relied on Proposed
Army fearful that this may lead to New laws new laws to to
a communist revolution like the the support for the army to keep
control of street violence required Reichstag Ch
one seen in 1917 in Russia Would be difficult THE REICHSRAT
KL and RL killed On 6th Jan 1919, the Spartacists (LW) approval of
attempted an armed uprising against the for Ebert to get 2/3 of
after being
government in Berlin. Led by Karl the army to Reichstag Elected
captured Supreme
Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. Therefore they support him Disorder and violence every 4 Appointed by
commande
agreed to help springing up across years President
of armed
the gov. other areas of Germany
forces
Yes, this posed some Problems now with other Had been appointed by Prince Max THE REICHSTAG
level of threat to Ebert, socialist parties leads to a because he was leader of the majority
but as a result of the long term impact on EBERT GROENER PACT - 10TH party in the Reichstag, he still believed CHANCELLOR
Ebert urged
support from the army, division in votes - not able NOVEMBER 1918 he needed to establish his authority Germans to keep
this is a rather minor to join together through elections - desperate to organise essential services
event - only lasted a elections for a constituent assembly. PRESIDENT One reaso
running, to avoid Political
week, leaders killed street structure of happy
Problems Groener told E that the army demonstrations and the new
Significance - Ebert's
with this - would help the gov with the maintain law and Weimar
struggle for On 19th Jan 1919
V significant that E now had social unrest that E was order. But only Constitution Elections had
power being the first one
the support of the army having to deal with maintained control in SUFFRAGE - b
1. People in G might become Berlin. women could vo
unhappy with new gov because ONLY IF Ebert PROMISED not to democratise the army democratic (in th
supposed to be democratic but (what workers councils were demanding) and do Germany were holding any other Europe
not listening to their wishes of everything they could to NOT let communism take over elections for the FIRST TIME this point. Age als
democratising the army Establishment of the 25 to
Weimar Constitution
2. LW parties (already divided) will be HOWEVER - led to
upset by this since it goes against what the establishment of Strengths
they stand - aristocracy Constitution caref
many small parties On the surface proportional that no one perso
being involved with representation seen as a good
Also, with so many parties in the have too m
politics. Very difficult democratic move (each party was The New constitution
Reichstag, you have people such for one party alone to allocated a share of deputies in
as nationalists vs communists form a government the Reichstag in line with its
involved who both openly despise with a majority in the share of the popular vote) Chancellor could
the new constitution & democracy Coalition Govs meant they had to Reichstag - ALL decide new laws but Constitution guaranteed im
compromise - but due to this there GOVS IN THE NEXT the Reichstag still individual rights, including e
was a lack of clear policies and YEARS OF THE 9 COALITION GOVS needed to vote in before the law and the rights
they frequently argues and fell WEIMAR GOV WERE BETWEEN 1919 & 1923 favour, for them to speech, conscience and to b
apart Weaknesses
COALITION GOVS actually be passed. trade unions and political p
Needed 2/3 majority
Weaknesses in crises - lack of strong, single party gov Armed forces, civil service & to pass laws
Judiciary unchanged = MAJOR.
was a problem during crisis when quick, clear judiciary remained unchanged
Meant that the judges did not
decisions were needed. Article 48 = the solution, but Obviously suc
become democratised - they raised Article 48 of the Constitution
Chancellor's became more and more heavily reliant - these demo
independent and with that came the gave the President
on these to pass laws. By bypassing the Reichstag - may lead to m
undermining of the law. Judges had Depending on who is Also, key institutions emergency powers to rule
constitution = is not democratic - fairly unstable. Won't
an aristocratic background - mostly looking at this - LW of the state were, the country without decree -
get the different view points from different
RW - so RW crimes virtually went would not be happy therefore, controlled without the need for
perspectives - could lead to more people going
unpunished. with this because it is by people who did Reichstag majority; most
against this
not a move to not support the constitutions give emergency
democracy. RW democratic values of powers to the Head of state.
would however its new constitution What matters is how often
326/356 assassinations by favour the these powers are used and in
RW faced no charges unchanged what circumstances
This can have problems - trying to establish a New Democratic Party but you
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