DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING BLOCKS THE BUILDING BUILDING BLOCKS DEVELOPING A
STRATEGIC OF STRATEGIC BLOCKS OF OF STRATEGIC STRATEGIC
MANAGEMENT AS PLANNING STRATEGY CONTROL MANAGEMENT
A MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
APPROACH
Study unit 1.1 Study unit 2.1 Study unit 3.1 Study unit 4.1 Study unit 5.1
Development of Strategic Direction Strategy Strategic Control Developing a
Strategic Implementation Methodologies and Strategic
Management as a Approaches Management plan
Management
Approach
Study unit 1.2 Study unit 2.2 Study unit 3.2
Importance of Internal Short-term Objectives,
Strategic Environmental Functional Tactics and
Management Analysis Policies
Contemporary Strategy Selection Organisational Culture
Business
Environment
Study unit 3.5
Reward Systems
Study unit 3.6
Resource Allocation
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Study unit 3.7
Organisational
Architecture, Systems
and Processes
TOPIC 1: DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A MANAGEMENT
APPROACH.
STUDY UNIT 1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A MANAGEMENT APPROACH
1. Development of Strategic Management over the years.
• Definition:
(1) a plan designed to achieve a particular long-term aim,
(2) the art of planning and directing military activity in a war or a battle.
• Original meaning to lead the army – military or political connection.
• Until 20th century a way of thinking about survival and of achieving success through leadership, mostly
in war and sometimes politics.
• Late 19th century – Industrial Revolution – required little strategy.
• New type of organisation – invested in manufacturing and marketing – had management hierarchies to
coordinate functions.
• First need for strategic thinking
2. From business policy to classical planning school.
• 1950 Strategic Management taught in Harvard Business School
• All organisations should have a clearly defined set of goals to keep moving in a deliberate chosen
direction and preventing it from drifting in undesired directions.
• 1960s – Focussed on matching the organisations strengths and weaknesses (distinctive
competencies) with opportunities and threads in the marketplace.
• The idea of competitive thinking immerged.
• Four categories of common thread in a business – product/ mission matrix and growth vectors.
• Strategic planning introduced by Chandler in the allocation of resources in achieving the long
• term goals.
• Classical School – Strategy is a deliberate, rational process where organisations were efficient and
rational resource-allocating mechanisms.
• 1970s – strategy-as-planning also called classical planning school
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STUDY UNIT 1.2 IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Strategic Management is a management approach.
1. WHAT STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ENCOMPASSES?
a) DIFFERENT VIEWS OF STRATEGY
• Strategy as a plan: overall direction and course of action for the organisation.
• Strategy as a position: The way the organisation position itself in the market and the industry.
• Strategy as a perspective: How Organisations themselves are doing things and how strategies emerge
over time as past strategies serves as a foundation which is then adapted.
• Strategy as a ploy: Outwitting a competitor – a game where several moves are made to win the game.
• Strategy as a pattern: Consistent behaviour over time
b) DIFFERENT LEVELS OF STRATEGY
CORPORATE LEVEL STRATEGY
• Organisational perspective
• Overall purpose and scope, range and diversity of an organisation.
• Addresses the question how value can be added at all business levels and lines.
• Responsibility of Senior Managers. Usually reviewed and approved by board of directors.
• Includes the questions:
1) purpose of organisation
2) type of business
3) overall direction for the future
4) leadership style and organisational culture and 5) attitude towards strategic change.
BUSINESS OR COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
• Relates to how the organisation competes and attains a competitive advantage in each area of the
business that may be through products, or services or development of markets and the creation of
value for customers. (Strategic perspective)
• The link between internal capabilities and external relationships is important.
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