A2 Unit F214 - Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
Summary
Summary Revision powerpoint on respiration and photosynthesis Alevel Biology 2015 OCR
320 views 1 purchase
Course
A2 Unit F214 - Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
Institution
OCR
Revision Powerpoint with in depth detail on the topic. Can be printed with 2-4 slides to a page and cut out to make a mini revision booklet. Very colourful.
26 slides
A2 Unit F214 - Communication, Homeostasis and Energy
All documents for this subject (5)
Seller
Follow
megancoleman
Reviews received
Content preview
, Energy flow through living organisms
decomposers
sun photosynthesis producers consumers
Respiration
Heat (low energy radiation transferred back to
the atmosphere)
, Energy release & respiration
In photosynthesis energy provided from the sun allows organic
molecules to be made from small inorganic molecules.
Respiration is a complex multistep reaction pathway. In respiration
large organic molecules are broken down forming small inorganic
molecules. Organic molecules contain large numbers of carbon-hydrogen
bonds, particularly lipids. These bonds are non polar & the total energy
required to break them is less than the total energy released in the
formation of all the bonds in the products (CO² & water). The excess
energy released by the formation of all the bonds is used to synthesise
ATP.
Reasons for loss of efficiency in ATP production during aerobic
respiration:
Energy losses transporting materials (e.g. pyruvate) across the
mitochondrial membrane
Loss of protons (H+) through the inner mitochondrial membrane
without driving ATP synthesis
Some energy is used to transport protons & electrons from reduced
NAD in the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix
(malate/aspartate shuttle)
, Glycolysis
• Glycolysis is an example of substrate level phosphorylation- the formation of ATP
without the involvement of an electron transport chain. ATP is formed by the transfer
of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP.
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
• It is an anaerobic process
1.Phosphorylation- 2 phosphates released from 2
ATP molecules, are attached to a glucose molecule
forming hexose bisphosphate
2.Lysis- Destabilises the molecule causing it to split
into 2 triose phosphate molecules
3.Phosphorylation- Another phosphate group is
added to each triose phosphate forming 2 triose
bisphosphate molecules. These phosphate groups
come from free inorganic phosphate (Pi) ions
present in the cytoplasm
4.Dehydrogenation & formation of ATP-
The 2 triose bisphosphate molecules are
oxidised by the removal of hydrogen atoms
(dehydrogenation) to form 2 pyruvate
molecules. NAD coenzymes accept the
removed hydrogens forming 2 reduced
NAD molecules.4 ATP molecules are also
produced using phosphates from the triose
bisphosphate molecules.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller megancoleman. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.88. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
