Summary of Topic 5: Energy for Biological Processes
3 views 0 purchase
Course
Topic 5: Energy for Biological Processes
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Edexcel Biology B is very scarce when it comes to finding information on it online. I've taken it upon my self to publish my own notes to help fellow students that have a hard time understanding the subject. The information in the text book is very large and can be hard to narrow down to a particu...
i Know that cellular respiration yields ATP which is used as a source of energy for metabolic
reactions, and the process also generates heat.
Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy from food molecules is transferred
into ATP. ATP is constantly produced and is used as a source of energy for metabolic
processes and generating heat.
ii Know the different stages in aerobic respiration, including:
● glycolysis in the cytoplasm
● link reaction
● Krebs cycle
● oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
Aerobic respiration is the form of cellular respiration by which glucose is converted into
energy in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Aerobic respiration
is a multi step process which takes place over the course over 4 stages
i Understand the conversion of monosaccharides to pyruvate during glycolysis in the
cytoplasm, including:
● the phosphorylation of hexose molecules by ATP
● breakdown to glycerate 3-phosphate (GP)
● production of reduced coenzyme (NADH) and ATP (details of intermediate compounds
and other reactions are not required).
Glycolysis is the first stage of aerobic cellular respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm of the
cell converting monosaccharides to pyruvate
1. The first step is phosphorylation in which two molecules of ATP are used to add a
phosphate group to glucose. This makes the sugar more reactive and unable to pass
through the cell membrane.
2. The phosphorylated sugar is then split to give 2 carbon-3 sugars known as
glycerate-3 phosphate (GP). This is then converted by several steps into a molecule
of pyruvic acid
3. During this process coenzyme NAD is reduced to NADH by removing hydrogen
atoms from the GP. from the two pyruvate molecules a total of 4 ATP molecules are
produced giving us a net of 2 ATP
In summary
Glucose is phosphorylated then broken down into two molecules of GP. GP is then oxidised
and the coenzyme NAD is reduced to NADH the result is two molecules of pyruvate.
2 molecules of ATP (4 molecules of ATP are produced, but two were used up in the initial
phosphorylation of glucose and so the net increase is two molecules).Two molecules of
reduced NAD (these have the potential to provide energy to produce more ATP).Two
molecules of pyruvate.
5.3 Link reaction and Krebs cycle
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller adam24. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $32.91. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
