Unit 11 D Guranteed template - Site Engineering for Construction
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Course
Unit 11 - Site Engineering for Construction
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
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When survey work is carried out, the whole
proposed area must be investigated before
starting measurements. This is done by a survey
framework, which consists of lines and angle
lengths which forms the initial shape of the land.
For linear surveys, survey framework consists of well-conditioned triangles, which are
approximately 30’-120’ degrees, due to its accurate shape whereas polygonal shapes are
used for transverse surveys.
At a certain point of a survey line, a survey station is positioned after a baseline is
framed out (the longest line between points). In order to prevent systematic errors, a
check line is provided to measure the extent of accuracy of the plotted measurements.
The basic units for angular measurements are important to consider because it makes
surveying calculations in the land and sets out surveying, using angles. The 3 main factors
to consider of measurements is:
, A circle is 360 degrees.
A degree consists of 60 minutes.
A minute is made up of 60 seconds.
= D*, M’, S”
Whole circle bearings
WCB’s are important for a surveyor to calculate, when trying to
calculate the direction of a survey line, which is measured in a
clockwise motion from the North. It differs to a reduced bearing,
which are measured from north or south or towards east and
west. A surveyor can connect lines with its flowed direction using
an open traverse or a closed traverse: an open traverse
surveys different start and end points such as a river canal
bearings-to-whole-circle- whereas a closed traverse starts and ends with its initial point
bearing/
such as mapping out a construction site.
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