Dental Hygiene Board Review Test Questions with Answers| Graded to Pass

Transeptal fibers - extend interproximally over alveolar crest; embedded in cementum of two adjacent teeth. alveolar crest fibers - fiber group that is apical to junctional epithelium and extends obliquely from cementum to alveolar bone oblique fibers - fiber group that is the largest and most significant fiber group and extends from cementum coronally to bone horizontal fibers - extend at right angles to long axis of tooth apical fibers - extend from apical aspect of cementum to base of tooth socket interradicular fibers - Fiber group that occur only in multi-rooted teeth in furcation area. Stabilize tooth in its socket sharpey's fibers - Tissues that anchor the periosteum to the bone microbes associated with NUP/NUG - spirochetes (treponema denticola) fusobacterium prevotella intermedia porphyromonas gingivalis gingival abscess - abscess that results from the injury to or infection of the surface gingival tissue periodontal abscess - abscess that results when infection spreads deep into the periodontal pockets and drainage is blocked may develop after perio debridement pericoronal abscess - abscess that develops in inflamed dental follicular tissue overlying the crown of a partially erupted tooth (most often mandibular 3rd molars) periapical abscess - an alveolar abscess localized around the apex of a tooth root chemotaxis - Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus. neutropenia - A reduction in circulating neutrophils suprabony defect - Pocket formation where the base of pocket is coronal to the alveolar bone; all gingival pockets infrabony defect - Results when bone resorption occurs in an uneven, oblique direction, bone resorption primarily affects one tooth apical to the crest of alveolar bone primary occlusal trauma - Excessive force on tooth with normal bone support secondary occlusal trauma - Normal or excessive force on tooth with LOSS of support hypertrophy - enlargement due to increase in cell size hyperplasia - enlargement due to increase in number of cells stillman's cleft - Recession characterized by narrow slits that run in an apical direction from the marginal gingiva class 1 mobility - Slight mobility, up to 1 mm facial-lingual class 2 mobility - involves moderate horizontal mobility, greater than 1mm with no vertical depression class 3 mobility - very severe mobility, tooth can be depressed vertically into its socket linear gingival erythema - A gingival manifestation of immunosuppression;Often associated with HIV infection kaposi's sarcoma - A malignant tumor of the epidermis and internal epithelial tissues. Typically soft, blue to purple, and painless. May be macular or papular and may resemble keloids or bruises. Common in people who are HIV positive. dehiscence - represents loss of alveolar bone that leaves a characteristic oval root exposed defect from the CEJ apically fenestration - window of bone loss on the facial or lingual aspect of a tooth that places the exposed root surface directly in contact with gingival or mucosal tissue (fenstration is bordered by alveolar bone along it coronal aspect) veracity - Adherence to the truth; truthfulness autonomy - deals with patient not the practitioner (self-determination): patients have right to informed consent beneficence - promoting the well being of individuals and the public justice - provides everyone access to high quality affordable oral healthcare non-maleficence - deals with the practitioner (do no harm) confidentiality - patient information and relationships societal trust - value patient trust implied consent (civil law - contracts) - an agreement made through inferences by signs, inaction or silence express consent (civil law - contracts) - oral written agreement abandonment (civil law - contracts) - dismissal of patient without ample and proper notice assault (civil law - intentional tort) - threatening bodily harm battery (civil law - intentional tort) - causing bodily harm ex. placing sealants with out parental consent or taking radiographs without permission deceit and misrepresentation (civil law - intentional tort) - Incorrect or false representation defamation (civil law - intentional tort) - damaging a persons reputation libel- written defamation slander- verbal defamaiton negligence (civil law - unintentional tort) - failure to do what a reasonable person would do ex. breaking an instrument tip and not telling pt. COBRA - Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act; law to provide terminated employees or those who lose insurance coverage because of reduced work to be able to buy group insurance for themselves and their families for a limited amount of time. HIPPA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration CDC - center for disease control: responsible for providing guidelines for diseases and disease prevention high level disinfectants - used in surgical areas intermediate level disinfectants - used in dental offices