PSC 116 Exam 2 URI Questions & Answers 2023/2024
Foreign Policy:
Rational Action Model - ANSWER-Define:
Compares actual decisions to an abstraction of how decisions should be made
Significance:
-Order and process information
-Assumes underlying rationality
Foreign Policy: Rational A...
Predicts actors will choose policy of greatest value, not policy of highest payoff
Significance:
Leaders evaluate policies by estimating:
-Probability of success or failure of choices
-Expected costs of possible choices
-Transactional costs: actual expenditures to commit to policy
^Ex: Money, time, and personnel
-Opportunity costs: other alternatives the expenditures could be used for
-Expected utility of that policy compared to the alternatives
-EU: Probability (Benefit - Cost); Example: Christopher Columbus
-An example of EUT at work: Christopher Columbus
-Looked to establish trade routes by going out West
-Discovered America and other countries
-Under the governance of Spain but Spain was the last to receive reports / proposals
-Portugal, etc. denied proposals also (Most dominant traders)
Foreign Policy:
Bureaucracies of Foreign Policy - ANSWER-Define:
Most foreign policy is designed and implemented by bureaucracies
Significance:
-Gather information to make policies
-Implement and monitor policies
-All countries have similar set of bureaucracies in executive branch
, Foreign Policy:
Bureaucracies in FP:
Gov't Bargaining/ Bureaucratic Politics Model (mission+ budget) - ANSWER-Define:
More incentive to fight for own interests rather than search for most 'rational' policy (Political needs >
Foreign policy needs)
Significance:
Mission and budget- Bureaucracies have different interests because of mission (role) and budget
What is the Democratic Peace Theory? - ANSWER-Dependent on how democracy is defined,
democracies are less likely to fight each other, but it can still happen.
definitions change overtime (ex: Germany are thought as democracy pre-WWI)
In order for a conflict to be a war, there needs to be... - ANSWER-1000 battle deaths or more
What was the product of the Cold War + Democracies? - ANSWER-All democracies allied against Russia
and its allies.
What is structural politics? - ANSWER-Politics compromise that explains democratic peace
Foreign Policy:
GroupThink - ANSWER-Define:
Group quickly arrives a single solution and shuts down any further debate
Significance:
-Group members feel social pressure to reach consensus
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