Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is not
successful?
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
a. Flight or fight
b. Alarm
c. Adaptation
d. Arousal
ANS: C
Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and adaptation is not successful, ultimately causing impairment
of the immune response, heart failure, and kidney failure, leading to death. The other stages occur
before the adaptation stage.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
a. Adrenal cortex
b. Hypothalamus
c. Anterior pituitary
d. Limbic system
ANS: B
The alarm phase of the GAS begins when a stressor triggers the actions of the hypothalamus and the
sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The other organs are not stimulated by the alarm phase of GAS.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. During an anticipatory response to stress, what is the reaction from the limbic system stimulated by?
a. The retronucleus of the anterior pituitary
b. The anterior nucleus of the hippocampus
c. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
d. The prefrontal nucleus of the amygdala
ANS: C
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus must be stimulated to cause the limbic
system to be stimulated. The other areas are not involved in the stimulation of the limbic system.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Epinephrine
c. Cortisol
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ANS: A
The release of norepinephrine promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased anxiety, and other
protective emotional responses. Epinephrine’s effects are primarily on the cardiovascular system.
Cortisol’s chief effects involve metabolic processes. By inhibiting the use of metabolic substances
while promoting their formation, cortisol mobilizes glucose, amino acids, lipids, and fatty acids and
delivers them to the bloodstream. ACTH binds with specific receptors on the adrenal glands which
causes the release of the glucocorticoids.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
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