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Fresenius Annual Exam – Questions And Answers
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Fresenius Annual Exam – QuestionsAnd Answers
RN's oversee and assess Correct Ans - The patient treatment, direct
interventions, provide patient education
Patient care technicians evaluate and reinforce Correct Ans - nursing
education
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine
flow ? Correct Ans - (2) kidneys (2) ureters (1) bladder (1) urethra
What are the functions of a healthy kidney ? remove - Correct Ans -
Waste products - creatinine, urea and uric acid, ammonia
What are the functions of a healthy kidney ? regulate / synthesis - Correct
Ans - Fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and acid- base balance,
synthesize calcitrol ( active vitamin D)
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? Endocrine / Enzyme - Correct
Ans - Secrete erythropoietin - stimulate bone marrow to make red blood
cells
Release renin - controls blood pressure
What is urea ? Correct Ans - by-product of protein metabolism
What is creatinine ? Correct Ans - by -product of muscle metabolism
Uric acid occurs naturally in the human body as a result of ? Correct Ans -
the metabolism of purine
What is purine ? Correct Ans - a muscle protein that enters the body
either through dietary intake ( about 30 percent) or from the breakdown of
the body's own cells during cell turnover
Production of renin helps to ? Correct Ans - regulate or control blood
pressure
,Production of erythropoietin helps to ? Correct Ans - stimulate red
blood cell production
Synthesis of calcitrol regulates what ? Correct Ans - calcium /
phosphorous balance.
Synthesis of calcitrol enables absorbtion of what ? Correct Ans -
dietary calcium; promoting bone health
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis ?
Correct Ans - Removal of waste products, and regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin ? Correct Ans - Renin is a hormone
produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood
pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance.
What is a nephron ? Correct Ans - The functional unit of the kidney. It
is a tubular structure and filters blood to form urine.
What is a glomerulus ? Correct Ans - A network (tuft) of capillaries
that performs the first step of filtering blood. it filters water and solutes into
Bowmans capsule.
What does Bowmans capsule do ? Correct Ans - empties the filtrate
into a tubule that is also part of the nephron
Urinary excretion is ? Correct Ans - Excretion = filtration -
reabsorbtion = secretion
What is the function of erythropoietin? Correct Ans - Erythropoietin
stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
What is the synthetic form of erythropoietin ? Correct Ans -
Recombiant Epoetin Alfa ( Epogen) - or- Mircera both are drugs given by
licensed nursing staff to dialysis patients to treat anemia
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D ? Correct Ans - The kidney
converts Vitamin D to Calcitrol, its activated form. This activated form of
, Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping to absorb calcium
from foods eaten.
What are synthetic forms of activated Vitamin D ? Correct Ans -
Calcijex, Zemplar, and Hectorol ( synthetic calcitriol) are medications used in
treating bone disease for hemodialysis patients.
acute renal failure Correct Ans - sudden onset, severe, usually
reversible, Drug toxicity, motor vehicle accident, dehydration
Chronic renal failure Correct Ans - slow onset, progressive,
permanent, diabetes - diabetic nephropathy or glomerulosclerosis,
Hypertension causing nephrolosclerosis, glomerulonephtitis
other causes of renal failure include ? Correct Ans - Polycystic kidney
disease, Interstitial Nephritis, Goodpasture syndrome, Wilm's tumor, Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus, Alport's disease, Sickle Cell disease, Acquired Immune
Deficiency (AIDS), obstructions, Scleroderma, Drug toxicity ( heroin, cocaine,
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen)
What are signs of renal failure or uremia ? Correct Ans - Elevated
levels of - BUN / Creatinine - phosphorus - potassium, Anemia , Nerve damage,
Yellow-gray appearance of the skin, fluid overload, shortness of breath and
edema, hypertension, proteinuria
What are symptoms of renal failure or uremia ? Correct Ans - Uremia,
lethargy, weakness, headache, itching, fatigue, nausea, restlessness, mental
status changes, loss of appetite
What organ systems are affected by kidney disease ? Correct Ans - All
organ systems are affected, musculoskeletal, integumentary, cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal, respiratory, immune, neurological, hematologic,
reproductive, endocrine
What are the signs and symptoms of uremia ? Correct Ans - Yellow-
gray skin tone, peripheral edema, high blood pressure, itching, loss of
appetite, nausea, fatigue, restlessness, mental status changes, shortness of
breath, immune system changes, proteinuria
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