AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies
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Cold War in Asia
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AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies
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OCR
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AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies
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African Americans
Background
-AA wanted social, economic and political rights
-AA fought for these rights themselves through activism: MLK, MX, BTW, MG, WDB, PR, IBW
-FG were reactive rather than proactive to AA activism and change in attitudes when it came to giving
AA rights
To what extent did the position of AA improve in the period from 1865-1992?
IMPROVE DID NOT IMPROVE
P= Socially life improved for AA P= However, it could be argued that social
E= 13th amendment (1865) abolished slavery. This improvements were limited
provided the foundation for the CRM as AA had E= Jim Crow laws were introduced in the early
to be freed before they could campaign for rights 20th Century as a result of PvF in 1896. This ruled
-The NAACP was founded in 1909 with an aim of that facilities were separate and equal when in
combating racial injustices and segregation reality they weren't which resulted in a decrease
through courts. Their most famous court case in living standards for AA, as they were
was the BvT in 1954. The SC ruled in favor of segregated from whites, left with worse facilities
Brown and the NAACP lawyer going against the -Despite the 14th amendment being passed in
PvF precedent that facilities were not separate or 1868, the KKK was founded soon after. The
equal which started the desegregation of schools. treatment of AA worsened due to KKK violence,
Their success in the BvT encouraged the CRM to lynching etc. This continued and increased
campaign for further changes and bring forth through the 1900s
tangible change like we see in the 1960s. -1992 Rodney King police brutality occurred
-Following MLK famous MoW in 1963, President which left Rodney king (an AA) with fatal injuries
Johnson passed the 1964 CRA. This act gave which he later died from, but the policemen were
everyone equal rights as citizens, therefore not convicted for King’s murder. This
ending segregation and discrimination towards demonstrates attitudes towards AA had not
AA. This improved the quality of life for AA as AA changed and justice was limited for blacks.
had equal opportunities and could enjoy the A= Although AA still faced social injustices all the
same quality of facilities as white people way up to 1992 shown by the treatment of RK,
they did not face the discrimination or
P= Politically AA positions improved segregation faced in the early 1900s due to the
E= The 15th Amendment was passed in 1870. This CRA, therefore AA social rights did improve.
gave AA men the right to vote. As a result, AA
representation increased as 2000 AA held office P= However, it could be argued that political
during the Reconstruction era. This allowed AA to improvements were limited
directly campaign to improve their position in E= Although the 15th and the 19th amendment
through the government. By 1936 more than 70% were passed, after the Hayes Compromise of
of AA voted for Roosevelt which shows vast 1877 where republican Hayes and democrat
improvements for AA in just 60 years. The Tilden agreed for Hayes to get the white house
political voice AA gained by 1936 allowed them to on the condition that federal troops were
vote to shape their future because they could removed from the Southern States. This resulted
, vote for who they believed in and who could in the State government in the south restricting
improve their position. AA from registering their vote through literacy
-The 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 which tests as AA did not have access to adequate
gave women the vote including AA women. This education, grandfather clauses as AA
gave Shirley Chisholm the opportunity to run for grandfathers would not have voted as their
presidency in the 1970s. grandfathers would have been slaves and would
-Following the MoS led by MLK in 1965, Johnson not have voted. State government used these
passed the VRA in 1965 which forbade methods to prevent AA from voting
discrimination in voting, this allowed AA to vote A= Although the work by Congress was lost by
on the same grounds as white men. As a result, the Hayes Compromise, due to the VRA in 1965
AA registered to vote increased from 23% in US these barriers to vote were made
to 61% following the VRA unconstitutional which resulted in both AA
L= Therefore showing how AA political positions women and men voting and therefore AA
improved as they were given the vote and AA political position improving
representation in politics increased
P= However, it could be argued that the
P= Economically the position of AA improved economic improvements were limited
E= Johnson’s education reforms he passed helped E= This is because during the GD 7.5million AA
improve AA economic positions. The Higher lost their jobs meaning AA were hit hard due to
Education Act in 1965 quadrupled the number of the Economic bust since they would be the first
AA college students by 1970. The Education Act people to be offloaded in the city jobs. In
of 1965 increased the number of AA with high agricultural jobs they would be affected since
school diplomas by 20%. By tackling AA farms closed.
inadequate education, Johnson addressed the -60% of AA women worked as domestic servants
fundamental reason for AA unemployment. in the 1920s showing that AA women did not
Therefore, AA were made more employable access high paid jobs since they were not skilled
which resulted in the improvement of their -economic improvements seen in WW2 as 1
economic position. million more AA were employed was short term
-Nixon’s Affirmative Action in 1972 was positive as AA unemployment rose to 50% by 1950
discrimination which benefitted AA. The A= Although AA were hit hard during the GD,
Executive Order 11578 required all employers to unemployment rose as high as 14million. This
have Affirmative Action policies. As a result, AA was not long lasting as Roosevelts Work Project
employment increased. Administration (WPA) employed 350,000 AA
L= As a result of AA becoming more educated, annually which resulted in AA unemployment
they were able to access higher paid jobs and be falling to under 8million in 1937. Furthermore, AA
qualified for more jobs which resulted in the were not being discriminated in employment due
decrease of AA unemployment which made AA to the CRA in 1964 which further improved AA
economic positions improve economic positions.
Assess the importance of FG in the advancement of AA CR in the period 1865-1992
FG was vital in the advancement of AA CR
FG passed laws which both helped sand hindered AA
FG were reactive to external pressures like MLK activism which prompted them to advance AA
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