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Samenvatting genetica

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Samenvatting college genetica

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  • August 29, 2023
  • 8
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
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Genetica
- Leer van de genen en veranderingen in genen
- Gendefecten overerven
- Gendefecten verwerven tijdens het leven
- Gendefecten -> lichamelijke en geestelijke aandoeningen
- Gevolgen van gendefecten:
o Ontstaan van kwaadaardige kankers
o Somatische of lichamelijke aandoeningen
o Geestelijke aandoeningen -> mentale retardatie
o Lichamelijk disfunctioneren
o Niet levensvatbaarheid

Erfelijkheid en ontwikkeling
- Genotype -> iemands 46 chromosomen en genen
o DNA
- Fenotype -> de fysieke expressie van iemands genotype
o DNA

De celkern




Organische verbindingen
- DNA en RNA zijn nucleïne zuren
- Nucleotiden
o Fosfaatgroep
o Suikermolecuul
o Stikstofhoudende base
- DNA -> dubbele streng -> dubbele helix
- RNA -> enkele streng

, - DNA (desoxyribonucleïnezuur)
o Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) en thymine (T)
o Desoxyribose (suikermolecuul)
o Fosfaatgroep
o A-T en C-G -> complementaire basenparen
o Verdeling over twee strengen
o Dubbele helix
o Code voor eiwitsynthese

- RNA (ribonucleïnezuur)
o Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) en uracyl (U)
o Ribose (suikermolecuul)
o Fosfaatgroep
o 1 nucleotide keten
o Uitvoering eiwitsynthese

DNA en chromosomen
- Genen bestaan uit lange strengen DNA
o Genen bevatten erfelijk materiaal
o Genen liggen op chromosomen
o Genetische code
o DNA codeert voor eiwitten
- Chromosomen bevatten DNA, chromotine en histonen
- Chromosomen bestaan uit twee delen of twee chromotiden
- 1 paar chromatide = 1 chromosoom
o 1 geërfd van moeder
o 1 geërfd van vader
- Chromatiden die tot hetzelfde paar behoren zijn homoloog

Chromosoomstructuur




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