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Samenvatting - Mens en Leren
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Samenvatting Mens en Leren eerste jaar Toegepaste Psychologie AP
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1 Introductie.................................................................................................................................................. 61.1 Soorten diagnostiek........................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Diagnostische classificatiesystemen...............................................................................................................6
1.2.1 DSM-5 en ICD-11: gelijkenissen en verschillen.......................................................................................7
1.2.2 Voor- en nadelen van classificeren..........................................................................................................7
1.2.3 ICF / ICF-CY...............................................................................................................................................7
1.3 Recht op privacy en geheimhouding..............................................................................................................8
1.3.1 Discretieplicht..........................................................................................................................................8
1.3.2 Beroepsgeheim........................................................................................................................................8
1.3.3 Zwijgen of spreken? Rechten en plichten...............................................................................................9
1.4 Handelingsgericht werken..............................................................................................................................9
1.4.1 Intakefase................................................................................................................................................9
1.4.2 Strategiefase..........................................................................................................................................10
1.4.3 Onderzoeksfase.....................................................................................................................................11
1.4.4 Integratie en aanbevelingsfase.............................................................................................................11
1.4.5 Adviesfase..............................................................................................................................................12
1.5 Psycho-educatie............................................................................................................................................12
2 Wat is opvoeden? Kenmerken en ouderlijke taken....................................................................................13
2.1 Drie dimensies in opvoeden..........................................................................................................................13
2.2 Het opvoedingssysteem................................................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Variabele 1: het kind..............................................................................................................................13
2.2.2 Variabele 2: de ouder/ opvoeder..........................................................................................................14
2.2.3 Variabele 3: het opvoedingsprogramma...............................................................................................14
2.2.4 Variabele 4: de opvoedingscontext.......................................................................................................14
2.3 Ouderlijke taken............................................................................................................................................14
2.4 Opvoedingsmodellen....................................................................................................................................15
2.4.1 Transactioneel model............................................................................................................................15
2.4.2 Balansmodel..........................................................................................................................................15
2.4.3 Bi-directioneel model............................................................................................................................16
2.4.4 Coërcief model van Patterson...............................................................................................................17
2.4.5 Coërcief model Patterson......................................................................................................................17
2.4.6 Dwanggedrag en aversief gedrag..........................................................................................................18
2.4.7 Voorbeeld van het breken van de cirkel...............................................................................................18
3 Armoede................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Wanneer spreken we over armoede?...........................................................................................................19
3.2 Schade door opgroeien in armoede..............................................................................................................20
3.2.1 Pedagogisch perspectief........................................................................................................................20
3.3 Soorten armoede..........................................................................................................................................20
3.4 Hulpverlening................................................................................................................................................21
3.5 Bewindvoering..............................................................................................................................................21
4 KOPP/KOAP en POS/VOS.......................................................................................................................... 22
4.1 KOPP.............................................................................................................................................................22
4.1.1 Kenmerken KOPP/KOAP........................................................................................................................22
4.1.2 Prognose................................................................................................................................................24
4.1.3 Risicofactoren en beschermende factoren...........................................................................................25
4.1.4 Aan de slag.............................................................................................................................................26
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, 4.1.5 Zelfzorg..................................................................................................................................................27
4.1.6 Samenvatting KOPP-preventiegesprek..................................................................................................27
4.2 Wanneer spreken van een VOS (= POS)?......................................................................................................29
5 Verstandelijke beperking........................................................................................................................... 30
5.1 Intro..............................................................................................................................................................30
5.2 Primaire gedragskenmerken........................................................................................................................30
5.2.1 Fenotypes..............................................................................................................................................30
5.3 Secundaire gedragskenmerken (= a.g.v stoornis)........................................................................................31
5.3.1 Licht tot matige verstandelijke beperking.............................................................................................31
5.3.2 (zeer) ernstige verstandelijke beperking...............................................................................................31
5.4 Seksuele ontwikkeling...................................................................................................................................31
5.5 Prevalentie....................................................................................................................................................32
5.6 Comorbiditeit (=samenkomst van)...............................................................................................................32
5.7 Beloop en prognose......................................................................................................................................32
5.8 Etiologie........................................................................................................................................................32
5.9 Diagnostiek...................................................................................................................................................32
5.10 Begeleiding.................................................................................................................................................32
5.11 Aanpak in het onderwijs.............................................................................................................................33
5.12 handvaten voor begeleiding - SEO (= sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling)...................................................33
5.13 Hulp aanvragen voor personen met een beperking...................................................................................36
5.13.1 VAPH....................................................................................................................................................36
5.13.2 FOD......................................................................................................................................................36
6 Hoogbegaafdheid...................................................................................................................................... 37
6.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................37
6.2 Driehoeksmodel van Renzulli en Mönks.......................................................................................................37
6.3 Meervoudig intelligentiemodel van Gardner...............................................................................................38
6.4 Multifactorenmodel van Heller.....................................................................................................................38
6.5 Factoren........................................................................................................................................................39
6.6 Primaire kenmerken.....................................................................................................................................39
6.6.1 Fenotypes..............................................................................................................................................40
6.7 Secundaire kenmerken.................................................................................................................................40
6.8 Diagnostiek...................................................................................................................................................41
6.8.1 IQ-test....................................................................................................................................................41
6.8.2 Psycho-educatie bij IQ-resultaten.........................................................................................................42
6.9 Begeleiding...................................................................................................................................................42
6.9.1 Aanpassen onderwijsaanbod................................................................................................................42
6.9.2 Onderwijsmethoden..............................................................................................................................42
6.9.3 Maatregelen in volgorde van wenselijkheid.........................................................................................43
6.10 Opvoeding van hoogbegaafde kinderen....................................................................................................43
6.11 Cognitieve gedragskenmerken en leereigenschappen...............................................................................43
6.12 Kritische kanttekening................................................................................................................................44
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,7 Opvoedingstaak 1: aangaan ouder-kindrelatie...........................................................................................44
7.1 Aangaan ouder-kindrelatie...........................................................................................................................44
7.2 Adoptie..........................................................................................................................................................44
7.2.1 Belangrijke psychologische processen bij adoptie................................................................................45
7.3 Pleegzorg......................................................................................................................................................46
7.3.1 soorten pleegzorg..................................................................................................................................46
7.3.2 Gevolgen voor pleegkinderen...............................................................................................................46
8 Opvoedingstaak 2: opvoedingsstijlen........................................................................................................ 47
8.1 Welke opvoedingsstijlen zijn er....................................................................................................................47
8.1.1 Kenmerken autoritatieve opvoedingsstijl.............................................................................................47
8.1.2 Opvoeden aangepast aan de leeftijd.....................................................................................................47
8.1.3 Welke opvoedingsstijlen zijn er nog? (Lamborn)..................................................................................48
8.2 Opvoeden in andere culturen (zie casussen)................................................................................................48
8.3 Nieuwe tendensen in opvoeding..................................................................................................................48
8.3.1 Maatschappelijke tendensen................................................................................................................48
8.3.2 Curlingouders = grasmaaierouders.......................................................................................................48
8.3.3 Van curlingouders naar achterbankgeneratie.......................................................................................49
8.3.4 Neuroparenting.....................................................................................................................................49
8.3.5 Attachment parenting = natuurlijk ouderschap....................................................................................50
8.3.6 Oefeningen: Welke opvoeding?............................................................................................................50
9 Opvoedingsprogramma en opvoedingscontext.......................................................................................... 51
9.1 Herhaling......................................................................................................................................................51
9.1.1 Variabele 3: het opvoedingsprogramma...............................................................................................51
9.1.2 Variabele 4: de opvoedingscontext.......................................................................................................51
9.1.3 Contextuele visie...................................................................................................................................52
9.1.4 Contextuele visie: kansarmoede (WC5)................................................................................................52
9.1.5 Contextuele visie: economische omstandigheden................................................................................52
9.2 Herhaling: vijf ouderlijke taken....................................................................................................................53
9.3 Twee zaken die zowel opvoedings-programma als context mee bepalen...................................................53
9.3.1 Kinderopvang.........................................................................................................................................53
9.3.2 Het gebruik van en de behoefte aan kinderopvang in Vlaanderen......................................................54
9.3.3 Type kinderopvang................................................................................................................................54
9.3.4 Kwaliteit van kinderopvang...................................................................................................................54
9.3.5 Kernvaardigheden pedagogisch medewerker.......................................................................................54
9.3.6 Gevolgen van kinderopvang..................................................................................................................54
9.4 Rol van de grootouders.................................................................................................................................55
9.4.1 De geschiedenis van grootouderschap.................................................................................................55
9.4.2 Demografische en sociaal-maatschappelijke veranderingen................................................................55
9.4.3 Verschillende typen grootouders..........................................................................................................56
........................................................................................................................................................................56
9.5 De invloed van de grootouder......................................................................................................................56
9.5.1 Op de opvoeding...................................................................................................................................56
9.5.2 Op ongunstige omstandigheden...........................................................................................................56
9.5.3 Op gezinsplanning van de eigen kinderen.............................................................................................56
9.5.4 Op kleinkinderen...................................................................................................................................57
9.5.5 Op grootouders zelf...............................................................................................................................57
10 Bewaken kwaliteit ouderschap................................................................................................................ 58
10.1 intro............................................................................................................................................................58
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, 10.2 De draad.....................................................................................................................................................59
10.3 Herhaling....................................................................................................................................................60
10.3.1 SEO - Dösen.........................................................................................................................................60
11 Recht op privacy en geheimhouding, Kinderrechten, DRM en IJH.............................................................62
11.1 Recht op privacy en geheimhouding..........................................................................................................62
11.2 Belangrijke termen.....................................................................................................................................63
11.3 Kinderrechten als referentiekader..............................................................................................................64
11.4 Kinderrechtencommissariaat......................................................................................................................64
11.5 Kinderrechten als referentiekader..............................................................................................................65
11.6 Decreet Rechtspositie Minderjarigen en Integrale Jeugdhulp....................................................................65
11.7 Schema.......................................................................................................................................................66
11.8 Zes doelstellingen IJH..................................................................................................................................66
11.9 Verschil DRM en IJH?..................................................................................................................................67
11.9.1 Toepassingsgebied DRM/IJH..............................................................................................................67
11.10 Belangrijke afkortingen............................................................................................................................68
12 Diversiteit in onderwijs........................................................................................................................... 69
12.1 Groepsvorming...........................................................................................................................................69
12.1.1 Preventieve aanpak.............................................................................................................................69
12.1.2 Overzicht fasen....................................................................................................................................69
12.2 Vierladenmodel...........................................................................................................................................72
12.2.1 Hoe regelovertredend gedrag indelen?..............................................................................................73
13 De rol van de psychologisch consulent in werkveld SPP...........................................................................74
13.1 Zorgcoördinator/zorgleerkracht (basisonderwijs)......................................................................................74
13.2 Intern leerlingenbegeleider (ILB) (secundair onderwijs).............................................................................74
13.3 Psychopedagogisch werker CLB (basis- of secundair onderwijs)...............................................................74
13.4 Buitengewoon onderwijs (basis- of secundair onderwijs)..........................................................................74
13.5 Centra voor ontwikkelingsstoornissen (COS)..............................................................................................75
13.6 Thuisbegeleidingsdiensten.........................................................................................................................75
13.7 Diensten voor beschut wonen....................................................................................................................75
13.8 Diensten voor pleegzorg.............................................................................................................................75
13.9 Opvoedingswinkels.....................................................................................................................................76
13.10 OCJ: Ondersteuningscentrum Jeugdzorg.................................................................................................76
13.11 SDJ: Sociale Dienst Jeugdrechtbank.........................................................................................................76
14 Integrale jeugdhulpverlening (IJH): RTJ en NRTJ.......................................................................................77
14.1 Beroepsgeheim in de hulpverlening...........................................................................................................77
14.2 IJH vroeger en nu........................................................................................................................................77
14.3 RTJ of NRTJ..................................................................................................................................................79
14.3.1 Vrijwillige versus gedwongen hulpverlening.......................................................................................79
14.3.2 Gemeenschapsinstellingen..................................................................................................................80
14.3.3 Multidisciplinair team (MDT)..............................................................................................................81
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