Outline the values
of parenting as “contextualising “contextualising What are the 3
described by development” – the development” – ways to consider
Rutter 2010 family as a context family process and parenting
explain child development behaviour?
– explain
Who looked at the Who looked at Who looked at Outline Diana
typology of parenting style as parenting as a Baumrind’s beliefs
parenting? context? component of a about parenting
process model of tradition – typology
effects on children? of parenting
Define parenting What are the two Explain “emotional Explain “control/
styles dimensions that responsiveness as one demandingness” as
Maccoby and of the two dimensions one of the two
that Maccoby and dimensions that
Martin (1983) Martin (1983) Maccoby and Martin
suggested most suggested most models (1983) suggested most
models of of parenting converge models of parenting
parenting converge on typology of converge on
on? parenting typology of parenting
The two Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive parents
dimensions parents “do parents “do “do ……….…”
described by ……….…” ……….…”
Maccoby and Martin
(1983) give rise to 4
different parenting
styles, what are they?
, – Primary social setting within which child Paper trying to articulate what the
and adolescent development may be values of parenting are:
1. Diana Baumrind; Maccoby – Processes within families understood
and Martin: that affect children’s development – Over the past decade (of the past three • The nurture of children’s
a typology of parenting – Processes within children decades), research suggests that the origin of development;
that explain family effects disorder (at least in part) lies in problematic • the promotion of their
relationships found in conflicted or personal health and well-being;
2. Nancy Darling and disorganized family relationships • the protection of children
Laurence Steinberg: • Not to say that the origins of disorder
from the risks of violence, substance
parenting style as context do not have a genetic component – but these
may interact with these non-heritable abuse and economic insecurity;
characteristics and give rise to the disorders. • and the instilling of a sense
3. Rand Conger and –Family type vs., family process of personal responsibility for one’s
colleagues: • Does it matter who you’re raised by in own and one’s family’s future.
Parenting as a component determining individual differences in child’s
development or not • Ideas around which
of a process model of effects on parenting might be oriented.
• Rather perhaps than who were raised by
children. but the quality of the relationships we have
within the family.
• Children experience 2. Nancy Darling and 1. Diana Baumrind; Maccoby
differences in the rules parents apply 3. Rand Conger and Laurence Steinberg: and Martin:
and the way rules are enforced colleagues: parenting style as context a typology of parenting
• How parents enforce rules Parenting as a component
determines differences in children’s of a process model of effects on
development and achievement children.
• Emphasis on overarching
parenting style instead of parenting
behaviours
– Emotional responsiveness – Control/demandingness Emotional responsiveness • “Parenting styles” refers to
• Emotional orientation • Control can range from parenting behaviors and attitudes that
ranges from warm and responsive to appropriate rule and boundary setting Control/ demandingness set the emotional climate of parent–
cold, rejecting and hostile to authoritarian power assertion to child interactions.
• On a continuum of indifference and neglect
warmth. most parents will sit
somewhere in the middle of this
whereby they are usually setting an
appropriate level of control and
demandingness – recognizing what
their child is capable of.
Do what you want Do as ai say Do as I ask – Authoritative 😊
– Authoritarian ☹
– Permissive
– Rejecting–neglecting
Explain rejecting- What do the children What do the children What do the children
neglecting parenting of authoritative of authoritarian of permissive children
parents tend to be children ted to be tend to be like?
like? like?
What do the children Explain authoritative Explain authoritarian Explain permissive
of rejecting-neglecting parenting in terms of parenting in terms of parenting in terms of
parents tend to be responsiveness and responsiveness and responsiveness and
like? demandingness demandingness demandingness
Explain rejecting- REMEMBER: Explain parenting Parenting style as a
neglecting parenting style as a context – context – darling and
in terms of darling and Steinberg Steinberg (1993) –
responsiveness and (1993) – thoughts parenting style affects
demandingness behind the creation children’s
development by …
what? (3)
, • Are often responsive to • Are cold and unresponsive • demanding, but warm and I don’t care what you do
their children’s needs and to their children’s needs. responsive.
wishes. • Are controlling and • Set clear standards and
• Are lenient with their demanding. expectations of their children
children. – low on control • Expect their children to • Allow children to develop
• Do not require their comply with their demands without autonomy – they have a sense of
children to regulate asking questions or receiving purpose
themselves or behave explanation. • Are attentive to their children’s
appropriately. concerns and needs.
• Are measured and consistent in
discipline. – they reprimand their
children for the same things
consistency allows children to learn.
The children of permissive parents The children of authoritarian parents The children of authoritative parents • Are disengaged,
tend to be impulsive, lacking in self- tend to be low in social and academic tend to be competent, independent, undemanding, and low in
control, and low in school competence, unhappy, unfriendly, self-assured, popular with peers, and responsiveness, and do not
achievement. and low in self-confidence. low in antisocial behavior and drug set limits for their children
- As adolescents, they use as teens. or monitor their behavior.
engage more in misconduct • Are unsupportive of their
and drug use. not being children. – not meeting
monitored as much as other their children’s
children so they may be psychological needs and
more vulnerable to that. maybe not even their
physical needs.
High responsiveness Low responsiveness High responsiveness and Their children tend to have disturbed
demandingness attachment as infants and toddlers
Low demandingness High demandingness and, later, problems with peer
relationships because they don’t
have a good model of relationship
functioning.
- As teens, they exhibit
antisocial behavior,
depression and social
withdrawal, drug use, risky
sexual behavior, and low
academic and social
competence. – they don’t
have the pillars of support
at home.
1. The goals toward which Categorical approach is useful not at Low responsiveness and
socialization is directed an individual level but for thinking demandingness
2. The parenting practices about why children might differ at a
used by parents to attain goals group level.
3. The parenting style or ‘.parenting style is most usefully
emotional climate within which conceptualised as a characteristic of
socialization occurs the parent that alters the efficacy of
the parents socialization efforts by
moderating the effectiveness of
particular practices and by changing
the child’s openness to socialization.’
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