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A Level Psychology Essay Plans/Notes - Schizophrenia $7.11   Add to cart

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A Level Psychology Essay Plans/Notes - Schizophrenia

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Contains 16 mark essay plans from each page of the textbook in note form, meaning all necessary content is covered and so the essay plans can also be used as concise notes.

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  • August 31, 2023
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Psychology A Level Essay Plans – Schizophrenia


Discuss reliability and validity in relation to the diagnosis and classification of
schizophrenia

AO1

 DSM-5 - 1 positive system , ICD-10 - 2 negative symptoms
 positive - hallucinations, delusions ; negative - speech poverty, avolution

AO3

 strength - reliability, inter rater (+.97) and test restest (+.92), consistent since DSM-5
 limitation - validity, criterion validity, 100 clients, 39 diagnosed under DSM-5 vs 68
under ICD, either under or over diagnosed, low validity
 strength - validity, excellent agreement between clinicians when both used DSM,
criterion validity good with single diagnostic system

Describe and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia

AO1

 genetic basis - family studies (48% twins), candidate genes, polygenic, aetiologically
heterogenerous (combination of genes)
 neural correlates - original dopamine hypothesis (hyperdopaminergia, result of high
dopamine levels in subcortical areas), updated DH (hypodopaminergia, low DA in
cortex, can lead to hyper so both included)

AO3

 strength - genetic research support, Gottesman family studies, Tieneri adoption
studies, Hilker twin studies, vulnerable to SZ due to genetic makeup
 limitation - (genetic) environmental factors, biological influences eg birth
complications, cannibis in teenage years, etc, psychological influences eg childhood
trauma
 strength - evidence for dopamine, amphetamines increase DA and worsen
symptoms, antispychotocs reduce DA and lessen symptoms
 limitation - glutamate, post mortems and scans, raised levels of neurotransmitter
glutamate in brain regions of SZ patients, other NTs have role

Describe and evaluate psychological theories of schizophrenia

AO1

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