FRESENIUS ~ CCHT REVIEW EXAM|2023/24 UPDATE|GRADED A+

The functional unit of the kidney that does the work Nephron A nephron is made up of A glomerulus and a tubule The endrocrine functions of the kidney include making erythropoietin and the active for of Vitamin D The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) for adults in the U.S. Diabetes Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be caused by HyperPhosphatemia Why do kideny patients often have bone disease Kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include Anorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that allows for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Negative Pressure is pressure created when fluid is pulled through a restriction During Dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when Water is removed from the blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate at which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure The arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of the solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane High concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance include Dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, blood flow rate Two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove wastes from the body include Surface area and molecular weight cutoff Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove waste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What might be prescribed for a dialysate solution Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment The dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures the total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause Headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of the red blood cells Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause Vomiting, confusion, irritability Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of Red Blood Cells Things that can affect dailysis adequacy include time on treatment, Blood and dialysate flow rates, dialyzer clotting normal body temperature taken orally 98.6 degrees F the instrument used for measuring blood pressure is called Sphygmomanometer a rapid pulse of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has tachycardia Seizures during dialysis maybe caused by Electrolyte imbalance, Hypotension, Dialysate composition errors the normal range for a resting pulse rate in an adult is 60 to 100 beats/min what will cause an increase in venous pressure during Dialysis venous needle infiltraiton you suspect clotting in the dialyzer. The FIRST action you should take is to Rinse the dialyzer with normal saline If there is a decrease in the patient's URR or Kt/V, which of the following factors should be looked at? Increased access recirculation, Diminished dialyzer performance due to reprocessing, inadequate anticoagulation of the blood, blood pump speed