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Samenvatting Klinische Optometrie 2 + 3
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Klinische Optometrie 2 3 jaar .
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Klinische optometrie 2 & 3Klinische optometrie 2 & 3
Anatomie van de macula
Lagen van de retina (anterior naar posterior)
1. Glasvocht
2. Membrana limitans interna MLI
3. Zenuwvezellaag RNFL
4. Ganglion cellaag GCL
5. Binnenste plexiforme laag IPL
6. Binnenste nucleaire laag INL
7. Buitenste plexiforme laag (Henle) OPL
8. Buitenste nucleaire laag ONL
9. External limiting membrane ELM
10. Fotoreceptoren
- Inner segment IS
- Outer segment OS
11. Retina pigment epitheel RPE
12. Membraan van Bruch
13. Choroïdea
De macula is 5-6 mm in diameter en geeft 15-20° van het centrale gezichtsveld weer. Het bevat
meerdere lagen ganglioncellen, terwijl de periferie maar één laag ganglioncellen bevat.
De fovea is 1,5 mm in diameter en wordt gezien als de centrale depressie in de macula. Het bevat de
foveola, die slechts 0,35 mm in diameter is. Dit is de centrale bodem van de fovea en tevens het
dunste deel. De depressie in het centrale deel van de foveola wordt de umbo genoemd. Dit geeft de
foveale lichtreflex.
De FAZ (= foveaal avasculaire zone) bevat geen bloedvaten, maar is alleen een netwerk van
capillairen. De diameter wisselt met de leeftijd en aandoening. Gemiddeld is de FAZ 0,4-0,6 mm.
De choroïdea is opgebouwd uit arteriolen, venulen en bevat een dicht gefenestreerd capillair
netwerk. Het is sterk doorbloedt en verzorgd het pigmentepitheel en de diepe(re) lagen van de
retina.
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