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Samenvatting machine-elementen
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Samenvatting van het vak Machine-elementen, gebaseerd op de slides.
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Samenvatting Machine-ElementenInhoud
Hoofdstuk 2: Aandrijving en last ............................................................................................................. 3
Vermogen ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Motor................................................................................................................................................... 3
Last ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Bedrijfspunt ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Hoofdstuk 3: Overbrengingen ................................................................................................................. 8
Overbrengingen ................................................................................................................................... 8
Soorten overbrengingen ..................................................................................................................... 8
Overbrengingsverhouding ................................................................................................................... 9
Overbrenging en bedrijfspunt ............................................................................................................. 9
Hoofdstuk 4: Tandwieloverbrengingen ................................................................................................. 11
Functie van tandwieloverbrenging .................................................................................................... 11
Overbrengingsverhouding ................................................................................................................. 11
Steekcirkel ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Rendement ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Kenmerken van tandwielen .............................................................................................................. 11
Productie van tandwielen ................................................................................................................. 13
Types tandwieloverbrengingen ......................................................................................................... 14
Speciale tandwieloverbrengingen ..................................................................................................... 15
Planeetoverbrenging ..................................................................................................................... 15
Wormoverbrenging ....................................................................................................................... 15
Harmonic drive .............................................................................................................................. 15
Degradatie van tandwielen ............................................................................................................... 16
Hoofdstuk 5: Riem en kettingoverbrengingen ...................................................................................... 17
Riemoverbrengingen ......................................................................................................................... 17
Kettingoverbrengingen...................................................................................................................... 18
Hoofdstuk 7: vrijheidsgraden en overbepaaldheden ............................................................................ 20
Zes vrijheidsgraden............................................................................................................................ 20
Vrijheidsgraden en sprieten .............................................................................................................. 20
Overbepaaldheden ............................................................................................................................ 20
Toepassingen ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Hoofdstuk 7: Mechanismen .................................................................................................................. 22
1
, Indeling naar functie ......................................................................................................................... 22
Indeling naar verschijningsvorm ....................................................................................................... 22
Kinematisch model ............................................................................................................................ 27
Hoofdstuk 8: Stangenmechanismen ..................................................................................................... 29
Stangen .............................................................................................................................................. 29
Verbindingen bij stangenstelsels....................................................................................................... 30
Vrijheidsgraden bij stangenstelsels ................................................................................................... 30
Pool en poolbaan............................................................................................................................... 31
Positie, snelheid & versnelling .......................................................................................................... 31
Ontwerp van stangenmechanismen ................................................................................................. 32
HHoofdstuk 9: Nokmechanismen...................................................................................................... 33
Uitvoeringen ...................................................................................................................................... 34
Ontwerp van nokken ......................................................................................................................... 35
Hoofdstuk 10: Lagering ..................................................................................................................... 37
Roterend of translerend .................................................................................................................... 37
Axiaal of radiaal ................................................................................................................................. 37
Radiaal belast & roterend ................................................................................................................. 37
Axiaal belast & roterend.................................................................................................................... 38
Axiaal + radiaal belast & roterend ..................................................................................................... 38
Axiaal belast in wisselende richting................................................................................................... 39
Belasting door asdoorbuiging............................................................................................................ 40
Translerende lagers ........................................................................................................................... 41
Hoofdstuk 10: Veren ............................................................................................................................. 42
Toepassingen ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Soorten veren .................................................................................................................................... 42
Niet-lineaire veren............................................................................................................................. 43
Dempers ............................................................................................................................................ 43
2
,Hoofdstuk 2: Aandrijving en last
Vermogen
• Lineaire beweging
o
o
• Roterende beweging
o Koppel
o Snelheid
o Vermogen
Motor
• Elektrische motor
o Permanent Magnet DC-motor
▪ Werkingsprincipe
• Geleider in permanent magnetisch veld
• Stroom door geleider wekt Lorentzkracht op geleider op
• Geleider beweegt tgv de Lorentzkracht
▪
▪ Karakteristiek
•
• Voordeel: koppel op lage toerentallen
• Nadeel: geen koppel op hoge toerentallen
3
, ▪ Vermogen
•
• Maar: bij blokkeren motor
o Mechanisch vermogen = 0W
o Er is echter wel nog elektrisch vermogen
o => motor verbrandt
▪ Rendement
• Verhouding mechanisch en elektrisch vermogen
• Motor best laten draaien op efficiëntste koppel/toerental
▪ Sturing
• Karakteristiek bepaald door de spanning
• Regeling spanning
o Pulsbreedtemodulatie
•
o AC-asynchroonmotor
▪ Werkingsprincipe
• Kortgesloten geleider (=kooianker) bevindt zich in een roterend
magnetisch veld
• Door inductie ontstaat stroom in de kortgesloten geleider
• Er ontstaat een Lorentzkracht op de geleider
• Door deze kracht draait het kooianker rond
▪ Karakteristiek
•
▪ Weinig koppel op lage toeren
o Verbrandingsmotor
▪ Karakteristiek
4
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