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A-Level Sociology- Education summary table

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This document provides a summary of the Education chapter which is part of the specification for AQA A-level Sociology It includes key sociologists, important points, key terms and evaluation ( AO3) needed to score top marks in the exam It is ideal for last-minute revision too

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  • Education
  • September 3, 2023
  • 9
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Topic 1- Social Class Differences in achievement External factors



Sociologists What do they say? Evaluation

Feinstein Middle class parents are more likely to use
challenging language in order to evaluate their
understanding

Bernstein There are 2 types of speech codes: This differences gives middle-class
Restricted(wc) and Elaborated code (mc) children an advantage
Troyna and Williams- the schools
attitude towards language is the
problem

Douglas Working-class parents place less value on Blackstone and Mortimer- working-
education class parents value their childrens’
They were less ambitious for their children education
. They tend to work for longer hours

Feinstein Middle class parents tend to be more educated
so they socialise their children to be more
positive towards education

Sugarman Working-class subculture has 4 key features:
Fatalism, collectivism, Immediate gratification and
present-time orientation

Keddie .Cultural deprivation is a myth
.A child can’t be deprived by its own culture
.It should be a schools responsibility to
accommodate to different school needs

Howard Young people from poorer homes have lower
intakes of energy,vitamins and minerals.
. Leads to illness and absences from school

Ridge . Cost of education
. Some children need to take jobs such as
cleaning and babysitting which can have a
negative impact on their education

Callendar and . Fear of debt
Jackson Working class families see debt as something to
avoid

Bordieu . 3 types of capital: Economic, Educational and Sullivan- cultural capital only
Cultural accounts for part of class
. Can be converted to one another differences in achievement

, Topic 2- Class differences in Achievement Internal factors



Sociologists What do they say? Evaluation

Beccker . Labelling . Marxists- labelling theory is
. Judge pupils based on how well too deterministic
they fitted the image of the ‘’Ideal
pupil’’
. Middle-class were more likely to be
labelled as ideal

Dunne and Gazeley The way teacher deal with
underachievement constructs class
differences in attainment

Rosenthal and . Self-fulfilling prophecy
Jacobsen . Teachers’ beliefs about pupils have
a significant impact on their
achievement as students internalise
beliefs setted up by teachers

Gillborn and Youdell . Streaming the A-C economy-
league tables
. Educational Triage- sort students
into groups


Lacey . Pupil Subcultures Ball- abolishing streaming
. Pro-school- follow rules,obey . Wood- not only 2 ways,but 4
(middle class) Ingratiation- be a teachers’ pet
. Anti-school- achieved status Ritualism- staying out of
through other ways( inverting the trouble
rules) Retreatism- daydreaming
Rebellion- rejection of
everything the school stands
for


Archer et al . Habitus . Nike identities- W/c pupils
. Symbolic capital and violence express their positive
. Working class pupils felt that in preference for a particular
order to be successful hey had to lifestyle
change how they present themselves
and talk

Reay et al Self-exclusion from elite universities
narrows the options for many
working-class pupils,limiting their
success

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