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AQA A-Level History - British Empire = Textbook Notes
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Textbook notes covering the British Empire textbook for AQA A-Level History.
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AQA A-Level History - British Empire 5Cs
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OXFORD AQA A LEVEL HISTORY UNIT 1J British Empire book 1857-1967 TIMELINE.
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TextbookNotes
The High Water Mark of the British Empire, c1857-1914
Section 1 Section 2
The development of imperialism, Imperial consolidation and Liberal
c1857-1890 rule, c1890-1914
Imperial Retreat, 1914-1967
Section 3 Section 4
Imperialism challenged The winds of change, 1947-1967
- Finish all empire notes, chapter summaries etc.
- Timelines for each time period and region!!!
- Essay plans
- Interpretation book
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countries, time periods etc.
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, Timeline: Britain in Africa 1800- 1884: Berlin
1890 Conference
1883:
Failed
military
expedition
to occupy
Sudan
1871: 1876:
Unification Brussels
of Germany Conference
1881:
Mahdist
1863: Heavy Revolt in
investment in Sudan
Egyptian cotton +
Khedive Is’mail 1879: Tewfiq
1859: Suez Pasha’s becomes puppet 1882: Arabi
Canal built. modernisations ruler of Egypt Uprising +
Shortcut to
India British
occupation
1861-65:
of Egypt
American Civil 1875: Benjamin
War revived Disraeli buys Pasha’s
British interest in shares in the Suez
Egyptian cotton. Canal Company
1800 1900
1806: The Mfecane leads to border 1852: the British 1867: Discovery 1873: British 1881:
Cape ceded to skirmishes between conceded the of diamonds annexed Convention
the British African groups fleeing Boer republics near Kimberley Griqualand East of Pretoria
from the Zulu territory + Boers. practical just outside of granted
Dutch Britain decides not to autonomy. Cape Colony. Boers self-
declare paramountcy. govt in
Transvaal
1877-8: Xhosa
1868: British War – British
1853: Cape
annexed annexed their
Colony became
1845: Annexation Basutoland territories 1885:
Crown Colony
of Natal from the Annexation
with
Boers – port of
representative
town 1871: British Bechuanala
government 1877-8:
annexed nd
Griqualand West Annexation of
Transvaal
1879: Invasion of
Zululand
South Africa Egypt and Other
(Cape Colony) Sudan Developments
,Chapter: Khan Academy = Video: Industrialisation and Imperialism
Imperialism
When was the steam engine The industrial revolution(s)
made and by whom? When was Which one was most important? Steam engine, electrification or telegram.
electrification discovered? Steam engine is very important as it gave them power to harness coal to
When was the telegram made? create steam to turn engines. The steam engine was used to power factories,
Explain how factories worked which in turn amplified labour. Moreover, they could produce way more goods
before the industrial revolution. than by hand.
How important is transportation The Industrial revolution creates a revolution in the transportation of goods
of goods and people to the and people. Also, the movement of information, e.g. the telegram.
British? [1] Steamship = used for trade and a way to project military power
[2] Railroad = used to keep control over a larger section of territory
Explain: steamship, railroads, [3] Telegram = a quick form of global communication
telegrams and how they They are all valuable for trade but also for coordinating military power.
benefitted British interests.
Explain the Scramble for Africa. Territorial control at the time: European powers had control over Africa
Explain the Berlin Conference of (Brussels Conference 1876 and the Berlin Conference 1884-85) and India is
1884-84. very important to Britain, “the crown jewel.”
Why was India so important to Conquest = land + people = taxes + soldiers
Britain? Conquest leads to more land and people under your rule. This land can be used
Why is having lots of soldiers for agriculture, which means that more taxes have to be put in place for trade
useful for Britain? and wealth. People can also be taxed and be used as soldiers by the colonial
Explain how territorial land was power. This creates revenue and soldiers, which helps acquire power to
used for agriculture. continue conquering other lands.
Give an example of
industrialisation in India e.g. the Technological innovation from IR e.g. electricity and steam power
railway and public works such The notion of capitalism is maximising capital. Land is a form of capital, though
as dams and canals. tech such as factories, railroads and ships are more valuable.
Explain the notion of capitalism. Industrialisation is the use of technology to become more productive and
How are technology, capitalism increase output.
and industrialisation all linked? Technology - Capitalism - Industrialisation = are all linked together and feed
What is free trade? off of each other.
Why were colonial powers more Capitalism feeds the fuel of imperialism and provided a motivation for
interested in finding raw colonisation, imperialism and freer trade.
materials due to the impact of Due to the industrial revolution, owners of capital started to have more and
industrialisation? more power. Also, a factory takes raw materials makes finished goods e.g.
Give an example of a country clothing. But now, factories are being more productive due to industrialisation.
seeking out raw materials in This leads to a hunger for more materials.
Africa, e.g. rubber in the Congo To get raw materials, they would use their military power in order to force
by Belgium. other countries to trade with them. With the finished goods, they would sell
Give an example of Britain using them to the rest of the world and their colonies.
military power to make another Moreover, there was a desire for more and cheaper raw materials, as
country trade with them? industrialisation had made factory labour so much quicker and more
How did technology facilitate profitable. Also, a desire to sell the goods (the outputs of industrialisation).
controlling a large empire? This drove imperialism and gave a motivation for freer trade. When free trade
didn't happen, it was sometimes forced on the country that was being traded
with.
Technology also made it easier to control a far-flung empire.
Steamship, railroads, telegraph = allowed you to project power much quicker
and much more efficiently than ever possible.
Summary
- Steam engine, steam ship, railroad, telegram - industrial revolution
- Conquest and territory - commercial gain, revenue
- Technology, capitalism, industrialisation, raw materials, scramble for Africa etc.
, 1.1 Indian Uprising
1.2 British Raj
1.3 Life under the British
Raj
High Empire, 1857-90
The high watermark of
2.1 Expansion in Africa the British Empire:
The development of
2.2 Egypt and Suez Canal Imperialism, c1857-1890
2.3 Sudan 1. The expansion of
the British
2.4 Cape Colony:Boers
and Bantu
Empire in Africa
2. Imperial and
2.5 Scramble for Africa colonial policy
3. Trade and
2.6 Africa Review commerce
4. Attitudes to
empire - the role
and influence of
3. Informal Empire
individuals
5. Attitudes
towards
imperialism in
Britain
4. Trade 1857-90
6. Relations with
indigenous
peoples
5. Attitudes in Britain,
1857-90
6. Overview 1857-90
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