Oregon Barber License (practice test for board exam with 100% correct answers)

Cuticle Outer most layer of the hair. It consists of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that resemble shingles on a roof. It protects the inner cortex layer and contributes to 20% of overall strength of hair. The Cortex The middle layer of the hair. A fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin to pigment. Gives hair majority of its strength and elasticity. A healthy Cortex contributes to %80 to the overall strength of the hair. Contains melanin that determines hair color. The Medulla The innermost layer of hair. Sometimes absent from hair and doesn't play a role in hair coloring. composed of round cells. Texture The diameter of an individual hair. Density The number of hairs per square inch. Porosity The hairs ability to absorb moisture. Low porosity The cuticle is tight. The hair is resistant (difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. Thus, it requires longer processing time. Average porosity The cuticle is slightly raised. Hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time. High porosity The cuticle is lifted. The hair is overly porous and takes color quickly (also fades quickly) Permed, colored, chemically relaxed and straightened hair will have a high degree of porosity. Mixed melanin A combination of natural hair color that contain both pheomelanin and eumelanin. Basal cell cercinoma Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. Bromhidrosis Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits and the feet that is caused by Bacteria. Bulla (plural bullae Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to vesicle but larger. Chloasma Aka-Liver Spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated. Closed Comedo Aka-White head; hair follicle is closed and not exposed to the environment. Sebum remains a white or cream color and comedone appears as a small bump just under the skin surface. Conjunctivitis Aka-Pink eye; common bacterial infection of the eyes. Extremely contagious. Contact dermatitis An inflammation of the skin caused by Having contact with certain chemicals or substances. Many that are used in cosmetology. Crust Dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it's healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material. Cyst Closed, abnormally developed that contains fluid, pus, semifluid, or morbid matter above or below the skin. Hair Root The part of the hair located below the surface of the Epidermis.(outer layer of the skin). Hair Shaft The portion of hair that projects above the Epidermis. Dermatitis Inflammatory condition of the skin. Hair Follicle The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. Hair bulb The lowest part of the hair strand. The thickened. Club-shaped structure that forms the lower part if the hair root. Arrector pili muscle The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. (The reason for goose bumps). Dermal papilla A small cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb. (Plural: dermal papillae) Dyschromias Abnormal colorations of the skin that accompany many skin disorders and systemic disorders. Eczyma An inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling and sometimes severe itching. Excoriation Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. Extrinsic Factors Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging. Sebaceous glands Oil glands in the skin and scalp that secrete sebum . Keratinization Process of creating keratin protein. A non-living fiber. Fissure A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Example severely cracked hands/lips. COHNS elements The major elements that make up human hair are : Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Amino acids Units that are joined together end to end like pop beads creating long chains of protein . Peptide bond A strong chemical bond that joins amino acids also known as an "end bond". Proteins Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids. Polypeptide chain A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Hydrogen bond A weak, physical, cross-linking side bond easily broken By water or heat. Salt Bond A weak physical cross link bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. They depend on pH so they're easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions. Disulfide Bond A strong, chemical side bond that is different from the physical side bond of a Hydrogen or salt bond. Wave Pattern The shape of the hair strand. Can be described as straight, curly, extremely curly. Vellus hair Aka-"lanugo hair* is short, fine, unpigmented and downy hair that appears on the body. Terminal Hair Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. Coarser than vellus hair. Anagen Phase Aka-"Growth Phase" where new hair is produced. Catagen Phase The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. Telogen Phase Aka-"Resting Phase"-the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the fully grown hair is shed. Androgenic alopecia Aka-"Androgenetic Alopecia - is hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal Hair that is converted into vellus hair. Usually the result of genetics, age, or hormonal changes. Free radicals Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin. Alopecia areata An autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system. Postpartum aloepcia A temporary hair loss experienced At the end of pregnancy. Alopecia totalis This hair disorder usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches and can progress to total scalp hair loss . Alopecia universalis Complete body hair loss . Minoxidil/ Finasteride The only two hair loss treatments said to counter hair loss and approved by the FDA to sale in the USA. Canities Technical term for gray hair. Ringed hair Is a variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand. Hypertrichosis Aka-"Hirsutism"- A condition of abnormal growth of hair. Characterized by the growth of terminal Hair in areas of the body that normally grows vellus hair. Trichoptilosis The technical term for split ends. Trichorrhexis nodosa Technical term for knotted Hair. Characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular dwellings along the hair shaft. Monilethrix Technical term for beaded hair. The hair breaks easily between the beads or nodes. Fragilitas crinium Technical term for brittle hair. Pityriasis Technical term for dandruff. Malassezia A naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin but causes the symptoms of dandruff if it grows out of control. Pityriasis capitis simplex The technical term for "classic dandruff". Characterized by irritation, large flakes and an itchy scalp. Pityriasis steatoides A more severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts. Tinea Technical term for ringworm. Characterized by itching, scales and sometimes painful circular lesions. Tinea capitis Another type of fungal infection characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicle. Tinea favosa Aka- "Tinea favus"- characterized by dry, Sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp called scutula Pediculosis capitis The infestation of the scalp and hair with head lice. Scabies A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin. Vesicles ( blisters) and pustules (pimples with pus) usually form on the scalp form irritation of the mite.