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histology of epithelium and connective tissue with diagram and explanation
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Introduction of histology and histology of epithelium and connective tissue with diagram and explanation
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IIlSTOLOGYistology: Microscopic study of tissues.
f issue: A group of cells performing the same function.
There are four basic tissues in the body. They are
1) Epithelial tissue 2) Connective tissue 3) Muscular tissue 4) Nervous tissue
· ue Processing: Tissues are processed in seria1 changes of chemicals, made into thin sections,
mounted on slides, stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin and studied under the
ITilCfOSCOpe.
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
A compound microscope with inbuilt light source has the following parts:
Base - supports the microscope and has the light source within it.
Pillar/ HandJe - gives attachment to various parts of the microscope.
Body tube - consists of eyepiece at the upper end, and objective at the lower end. It
allows passage of light towards the eyepiece.
Stage - horizontally placed, with a cen~al hole. The slide placed on it can be moved in
two directions by means of two screws. The stage as a whole can be moved
up and down by means of the adjustment screws.
Eyepiece- mounted on the top ofthe body tube, and has magnifying powers of lOx or 5x.
Objectives- of magnifying powers of 4x (scanner), l0x (low power), 40x (high power)
and 100x (oil immersion) are fitted to the lower end of the body tube by
means of a revolving nosepiece.
Condenser - fitted below the stage. This can be moved up and down by a screw, to
focus the light on the slide.
Iris diaphragm - has a central aperture, the opening of which can be varied for adjusting
the amount of light passing through the condenser.
Tinted glass - placed below the iris diaphragm for filtering the light.
Dimmer switch - fixed on the base to adjust the intensity of light.
Adjustment screws - two screws on either side of the pillar to move the stage up and
down. Screws with bigger knobs are meant for coarse adjustment and
screws with smaller knobs are for fine adjustment.
, Lens
. - - - - - - - Ocular ce
(Eyepie )
-
BodyTube - - - - - - -
Arm
Revolving _________
Nosepiece
Objectives - - - -
- - -- - - Stage
Stage Clips _ __ ...,,,,. Coarse
~ - - - Ad jus tm en t
Knob
Diaphragm
1--- - - - - Fine
Ad jus tm en t
Light
t. '
Knob
-
Source - - -
- - - - --B as e
, EPITHELIUM
ent membrane .
Epithelium is defined as one or more layers of cells, ~esting on a basem
surfaces of cavities
jfferent types of epithelium line the outer swface of the body, the luminaI
'thin the body, and the ducts & secretory elements of glands.
_Epithelium is classified into:
A) Simple epithelium: consists of a single layer of cells
B) Stratified (compound) epithelium: consists of several layers of
cells
Simple Epithelium: B) Compound epithelium:
Simple squamous Stratified squamous
Simple cuboidal Stratified cuboidal
Simple columnar Stratified columnar
Psuedostratified Transitional
Simple squamous epithelium :
its height
a. Flattened, ipterlocking, polygonal cells; breadth of the cell is more than
b. Centrally placed round or oval nucleus
c. Nucleus produces bulging on the cell smface
Eg. alveoli oflungs, endothelium of blood vessels,
mesothelium (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)
Simple cuboidal epithelium :
and
a. Polygonal in horizontal sectio!J and cuboida:l in vertical section; the length
breadth of the cell are almost equal.
b. Centrally placed round or oval nucleus
Eg. thyroid follicles, collecting tubules of kidney, ducts of many glands.
lI
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