ATI Nutrition Study Guide with 100% correct answers

A patient who has celiac disease should increase intake of what Simple carbohydrates What is an example of an incomplete protein? Plant proteins such as beans Lutein slows the progression of macular degeneration and is found in foods such as Kale, spinach, collard and mustard greens If a bag of TPN runs out what should be infused until another bag becomes available? 10% dextrose in water What kind of carbohydrate should the majority of your diet be Polysaccharides How much of your diet should be protein 10% to 35% a day How much of your diet should be fat 20% to 35% a day What is the recommended amount of cholesterol per day 200 to 300 mg When beginning a new prescription for enteral nutrition by intermittent tube feeding how should you first initiate this feeding Increase the formula over the first 4 to 6 feedings until the prescribed volume is achieved What is beriberi A thiamine deficiency (vitamin b) What is a good source of vitamin B Whole grains What are some laboratory findings of acute pancreatitis Decreased serum calcium Increased serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin A high fiber diet can help prevent what Hyperlipidemia How many calories equal a weight gain of 1 pound 3500 What are three complications of TPN Diarrhea Polyuria Hypocalcemia How long can expressed breastmilk be stored in the refrigerator 5 to 8 days What does a low residue diet do Limits the amount of stool traveling through the intestinal tract (restricts foods that increase bowel activity) What is a good food to increase zinc intake Ground beef patty To help prevent nausea what should a patient do when eating Eat foods at room temperature How many calories are there per a gram of fat Nine Patients who adhere to a kosher diet do eat dairy products combined with what Non-meat products at the same meal (no shellfish or pork) What has more calcium yogurt or cheese Yogurt A patient with a new ileostomy should do what four things 1. Increase dietary salt intake 2. Increase amount of pasta and other foods that can help thicken the stool 3. Prepare meals on schedule 4. Increase dietary B12 Why should a patient with celiac disease avoid all types of processed foods Because they contain gluten What fruit is a high source of potassium Cantaloupe How many extra calories a day should a woman in her second trimester consume 340 How many extra calories a day should a woman in her third trimester consume 452 During pregnancy how much protein, fat, and carbohydrates should a woman consume a day 20% of the daily total calorie intake. Fat should be 30% and carbohydrates 50% What is the phenylketonuria diet Foods low in phenylalanine should be included and foods high in protein should be avoided (due to high phenylalanine) How many ounces a week should an infant gain for the first 5 to 6 months 5 to 7 ounces When should iron fortified cereal be introduced 4 months Cows milk should not be introduced as the diet until after how old One year Breast-feeding teaching points -New born offered breast immediately and frequently. 8-12 feedings in 24hrs -Demand-feed to assess hunger cues -Nurse up to 15-20 mins per breast every 2-4 hrs -Encourage mothers to pump; milk can be refrigerated for 10 days or frozen for 6 months -Thaw milk in refrigerator, not with heat, can store for 24hrs, do not refreeze, discard unused milk -Avoid freshwater fish, alcohol, and limit caffeine -No medication or supplements unless prescribed by your doctor Hunger cues for infants Rooting, suckling on hands and fingers, and rapid eye movement. Crying is a late indicator How long can breastmilk be frozen for Up to six months Formula feeding teaching points -No artificial pacifier/bottle until 2 weeks -Formula is a comparable alternative to breast milk. Breast milk is superior and crucial for premature infants -Iron fortified formula is recommended for first 6 mos of life/ until introduction to solid foods -Fluoride supplements may be required -Wash hands before preparing formula -Use sterile bottles and nipples -Follow mixing directions -Refrigerate bottle of mixed formula, discard if it has set out for more than 2 hours -Do not reuse partially emptied bottles of formula -Consistently give formula chilled, warm, or room temperature -Do no prop bottle up to feed, hold with head slightly elevated, tilt bottle to maintain formula in the nipple to prevent swallowing air -No more the 32oz of formula within 24hrs New foods should be introduced to infants one at a time over a blank day period to observe for signs of allergy or intolerance 4 to 5 What are four things that should not be introduced to the infant until after the first year Milk, eggs, wheat and citrus fruits How long can you store an open jar of infant food in the refrigerator Up to 24 hours Suggested introduction of foods print out Information on colic print out What are some foods that may cause choking or aspiration in a child Hot dogs, popcorn, peanuts, grapes, raw carrots, celery, peanut butter, tough meat and candy What is the appropriate serving size of foods for children 1 tablespoon per year of age When is it appropriate to switch to skim or 1% low-fat milk After two years of age What should you never use food as Reward or punishment How much iron do adolescent males and females require Females: 15 mg Males: 11 mg Older adults have decreased absorption of what three nutrients Vitamin B 12 Folic acid Calcium 100% Fruit juice for toddlers should be limited to how much a day 4 to 6 ounces What are four foods that are high in iron Beans, fish, dairy products and red meats What are acceptable foods on a clear liquid diet Water, tea, coffee, fat free broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale and gelatin What are acceptable foods for full liquid diet All forms of milk, soup, strained fruits and vegetables, vegetable and fruit juices, eggnog, plain ice cream and sherbet, refined or strained cereals and puddings The soft diet is also known as the bland, low fiber diet and contains foods such as Whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned and easily digested The mechanical soft diet includes foods that require Minimal chewing for swallowing such as ground meats, canned fruits and softly cooked vegetables A nurse is caring for a patient who is to receive a full liquid diet due to dysphasia. What is the highest nursing priority Add thickener to liquids