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WHAP Chapter 13 Textbook Notes $4.49
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WHAP Chapter 13 Textbook Notes

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  • Course
  • AP World History
  • Institution
  • QSI International School Of Shenzhen
  • Book
  • Ways of the World

All notes are taken from Chapter 13 of Ways of the World. This chapter covers the political changes in the Americas and Asia within the 4th period of history marked by years 1450 to 1750.

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Document information

  • June 19, 2017
  • 6
  • 2016/2017
  • Class notes
  • Unknown
  • All classes

Subjects

  • ap world history
  • whap
  • political transformations
  • ways of the world
  • chapter 13

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More summaries for

  • Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources - AP World History - Unit 6: Chapters 18 and 19
  • Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources - AP World History - Unit 5: Chapters 16 and 17
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  • QSI International School of Shenzhen
  • AP World History
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Ways of the World Chapter 13: Political Transformations
European Empires in the Americas
 European Advantage
o Location
 Closer to Americas than Asians
 Fixed winds for Europe to push ships towards Americas
o Motivation
 Didn’t have domestic trade, wanted more trade
 Natural resources in the New World
 Didn’t want to rely on Muslims merchants who found wealth by being
middlemen
 “We came here to serve God and the King, and also to get rich.”
o Technology
 Ships influenced by the Chinese and Muslims
 Ironwork and gunpowder weapons and horses well above technology of
Americans
o Advantages of the New World
 Divided local societies created advantages for Europeans
 Ex: Subject societies of Aztecs helped Cortes take down the Aztecs
o Germs completely exotic to the New World was the greatest weapon
 The Great Dying and the Little Ice Age
o European Germs
 Native American contact with European germs brought pandemic
 10-20 million people declined to about 1 million in 1650
o The Little Ice Age
 Period of unusually cool temperatures in Early Modern Period of history
was most prominent in North America
 Many theories for this cause, including low sunspot activity, volcanic
activity
 New science says it was because of Native American deaths, allowing
plant growth and intake of CO2
o Effects of the Little Ice Age in Eurasia
 China, Europe, North America experienced extra-cold winters
 Regions near the equator got extreme conditions and irregular rainfall
 Difficult weather brought stress in society; Ex – collapse of Ming Dynasty,
constant warfare in Europe, civil war in Mughal India
o Effects of Little Ice Age in New World
 Severe drought in centre of Aztec empire, centre of Spanish rule
 El Niño frequencies increased and bred mosquitoes, perfect for spreading
yellow fever and malaria
o Period of trouble called the “General Crisis”
 Columbian Exchange
o Effects of the Great Dying
 Labour shortage for European newcomers

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