Master strafrecht - Internationaal strafrecht (samenvatting en jurisprudentie)
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Course
Internationaal strafrecht (JUR1IINT)
Institution
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
Book
Handboek Internationaal Strafrecht
Zelfgemaakte samenvatting van het handboek en de colleges van internationaal strafrecht in het jaar 2022/2023. Ook de rechtsregels van de jurisprudentie per college staat in overzicht. Ik heb het vak behaald met een 8,5.
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
RECHTSMACHT.............................................................................................................................................. 6
RECHTSMACHT BINNEN HET WVSR.............................................................................................................................6
Art. 2 Sr: Territorialiteitsbeginsel.....................................................................................................................6
Art. 3 Sr: Vlagbeginsel......................................................................................................................................6
Art. 4 Sr: Beschermingsbeginsel en Universaliteitsbeginsel.............................................................................6
Art. 5 Sr: Passieve nationaliteitsbeginsel/personaliteitsbeginsel....................................................................6
Art. 6 Sr i.c.m. Besluit internationale verplichtingen extraterritoriale rechtsmacht: aanvullend op art. 2, 3,
4, 5, 7-8c Sr.......................................................................................................................................................7
Art. 7 Sr: Actieve nationaliteitsbeginsel/personaliteitsbeginsel......................................................................7
BELANGRIJKE GRONDSLAGEN VOOR RECHTSMACHT BUITEN WVSR....................................................................................7
‘COMBATTANTENIMMUNITEIT’..................................................................................................................................7
‘Internationaal gewapende conflicten’............................................................................................................8
Geïnternationaliseerde conflicten....................................................................................................................8
JURISPRUDENTIE................................................................................................................................................9
HR 18 september 2001, ECLI:NL:HR:2001:AB1471, m.nt. N.J. Schrijver en J.M. Reijntjes (Decembermoorden
Suriname).........................................................................................................................................................9
HR 21 oktober 2008, ECLI:NL:HR:2008:BD6568, m.nt. N. Keijzer....................................................................9
IMMUNITEITEN............................................................................................................................................ 11
DIPLOMATIEKE ONSCHENDBAARHEID.........................................................................................................................11
Functionele versus persoonlijke immuniteit...................................................................................................11
Maatstaf functionele immuniteit...................................................................................................................12
Geen straffeloosheid (Yerodia).......................................................................................................................12
JURISPRUDENTIE..............................................................................................................................................13
IGH 14 februari 2002, Democratische Republiek Congo tegen België (Yerodia);..........................................13
HR 9 september 1975, NJ 1976/69 m.nt. G.E. Mulder (Huisknecht van de ambassade);..............................14
HR 2 maart 1993, NJ 1993/677 (Chauffeur van de Mexicaanse ambassade);..............................................14
HR 13 november 2007, ECLI:NL:HR:2007:BA9173, NJ 2008/147 m.nt. N. Keijzer (Euratom);.....................14
Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 26 september 2014, ECLI:NL:GHARL:2014:7398, NJ2014/465.............................15
HR 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:574;..........................................................................................................15
HR 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:575;..........................................................................................................15
HR 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:577, NJ 2018/108 m.nt. E. van Sliedregt (Tamil Tijgers arresten)...........15
HR 29 april 2008, ECLI:HR:NL:2008:BC3766, NJ 2008/482 m.nt. A.H. Klip;...................................................15
UITLEVERING............................................................................................................................................... 17
UITLEVERING........................................................................................................................................................17
Verdrag als grondslag....................................................................................................................................17
UITLEVERINGSPROCEDURE......................................................................................................................................18
Uitleveringsverzoek........................................................................................................................................18
Uitleveringsprocedure....................................................................................................................................18
Verkorte procedure........................................................................................................................................18
BEGINSELEN.........................................................................................................................................................19
VOORWAARDEN VOOR UITLEVERING.........................................................................................................................19
Weigeringsgronden........................................................................................................................................19
Verdrag als grondslag....................................................................................................................................20
Genoegzaamheid van de stukken..................................................................................................................20
Dubbele strafbaarheid...................................................................................................................................21
Evidente onschuld..........................................................................................................................................21
Ne bis in idem.................................................................................................................................................21
Mensenrechtenschendingen..........................................................................................................................21
Doodstraf........................................................................................................................................................22
Verstek............................................................................................................................................................22
, Bijzondere hardheid.......................................................................................................................................22
ANALOGISCH REDENEREN.......................................................................................................................................22
JURISPRUDENTIE..............................................................................................................................................23
HR 4 februari 2003, ECLI:NL:HR:2003:AF0451...............................................................................................23
HR 27 mei 2003, NJ 2003/573........................................................................................................................23
HR 14 april 2006, ECLI:NL:HR:2006:AU9724, NJ 2006/446 m.nt. N. Keijzer..................................................23
HR 7 juli 2004, ECLI:NL:HR:2004:AP1534, NJ 2004/595.................................................................................23
MENSENRECHTENSCHENDINGEN................................................................................................................. 25
MENSENRECHTENSCHENDINGEN..............................................................................................................................25
BEROEP OP MENSENRECHTENSCHENDINGEN...............................................................................................................25
Artikel 3 EVRM - voltooide foltering...............................................................................................................25
Artikel 6 EVRM – dreigende flagrante inbreuk eerlijk proces........................................................................26
FLAGRANTE INBREUK.............................................................................................................................................27
Othman t. V.K. EHRM.....................................................................................................................................27
JURISPRUDENTIE...................................................................................................................................................28
HR 21 maart 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:463, NJ 2017/276 m.nt. N. Rozemond..............................................28
HR 4 september 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:1426, NJ 2018/972.......................................................................28
HR 30 oktober 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:2019, NJ 2019/228 m.nt. N. Rozemond..........................................29
(Soering) t. V.K., EHRM 7 juli 1989, 14038/88, NJ 1990/158 m.nt. E.A. Alkema..........................................29
(Othman) Abu Qatada t. V.K., 8139/09, EHRM 17 januari 2012, NJ 2013/360 m.nt. N. Keijzer..................30
HR 20 mei 2003, ECLI:NL:HR:2003:AF3308, NJ 2004/41 m.nt. Y. Buruma...................................................30
HR 26 juni 2007, ECLI:NL:HR:2007:BA0875 (‘precisering’ van NJ 2004/41).................................................31
HR 7 mei 2004, ECLI:NL:HR:2004:AF6988, NJ 2007/276 m.nt. A.H. Klip;.....................................................31
HR 15 september 2006, ECLI:NL:HR:2006:AV7387, NJ 2007, 277 m.nt. A.H. Klip........................................31
HR 17 april 2012, ECLI:NL:HR:2012:BW2489, NJ 2014/263 m.nt. A.H. Klip (Sabir K);.................................31
HR 11 juli 2014, ECLI:NL:HR:2014:1680, NJ 2016/14 m.nt. A.H. Klip. (K).....................................................32
HvJ EU 5 april 2016, C-404/15 en C-659/15 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2016:198, SWE 2016/7-8 m.nt. V.H. Glerum
(Aranyosi en Căldăraru);................................................................................................................................32
HvJ EU 25 juli 2018, C-216/18 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2018:586, AB 2019/74 m.nt. P. Bovend’Eert (LM)*............32
OVERDRACHT EN OVERNAME TENUITVOERLEGGING STRAFVONNIS.............................................................34
OVERNAME VAN DE TENUITVOERLEGGING VAN STRAFVONNIS........................................................................................34
WETS..............................................................................................................................................................34
WOTS..............................................................................................................................................................35
WOTS - Voorwaarden voor overname...........................................................................................................36
WETS - Voorwaarden voor overname............................................................................................................38
OVERDRACHT VAN DE TENUITVOERLEGGING VAN STRAFVONNIS......................................................................................38
WOTS - Voorwaarden voor overdracht..........................................................................................................38
WETS – voorwaarden voor overdracht..........................................................................................................39
JURISPRUDENTIE...................................................................................................................................................40
HR 26 juni 1990, NJ 1991/188 m.nt. A.H.J. Swart..........................................................................................40
EHRM 26 juni 1992, 12747/87, NJ 1995/258 m.nt. G. Knigge (Drozd & Janousek/Frankrijk en Spanje)......40
HR 13 oktober 1998, NJ 1999/177 m.nt. T.M. Schalken................................................................................40
VERSTEK...................................................................................................................................................... 41
VERSTEK............................................................................................................................................................. 41
VERSTEK – WOTS (21 EVIG)................................................................................................................................41
VERSTEK - OVERLEVERING EN WETS (ART. 12 OLW JO. 4BIS KAEB)............................................................................41
Recht om zich te (doen) verdedigen...............................................................................................................41
Nederlands voorbehoud EUV.........................................................................................................................42
Wat moet worden verstaan onder ‘op de hoogte zijn van het proces’?........................................................42
Schending van art. 6 lid 1 onder c EVRM.......................................................................................................42
JURISPRUDENTIE...................................................................................................................................................43
, HvJ EU 10 augustus 2017, C-271/17 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2017:629 (Zdziaszek).................................................43
HvJ EU 10 augustus 2017, C-270/17 PPU, ECLI:EU:C:2017:628 (Tupikas)....................................................43
HR 20 november 2007, ECLI:NL:HR:2007:BA7927, NJ 2008/59 m.nt. A.H. Klip...........................................43
UNIESTRAFRECHT........................................................................................................................................ 44
UNIESTRAFRECHT..................................................................................................................................................44
Doel van de Europse Unie..............................................................................................................................44
Wat doet de EU op strafrechtelijk terrein?....................................................................................................44
Verbeteren politiële en justitiële samenwerking:...........................................................................................45
Wetgevingsprocedure: instrumenten van de EU...........................................................................................45
Instrumenten van de EU.................................................................................................................................45
Verbeteren politiële en justitiële samenwerking:...........................................................................................46
Harmoniseren.................................................................................................................................................46
Begrippen harmoniseren................................................................................................................................46
NOODREMPROCEDURE...........................................................................................................................................47
JURISPRUDENTIE...................................................................................................................................................49
HvJ EU 16 juni 2005, C-105/03, ECLI:EU:C:2005:386, NJ 2006/500 m.nt. M.J. Borgers (Pupino).................49
OPSPORINGSHULP EN KLEINE RECHTSHULP.................................................................................................. 50
WEDERZIJDSE RECHTSHULP.....................................................................................................................................50
Toepassingsbereik..........................................................................................................................................50
JUSTITIËLE RECHTSHULP..........................................................................................................................................51
Europees onderzoeksbevel.............................................................................................................................51
Boek 5: Internationale en Europese strafrechtelijke samenwerking.............................................................52
Uitvoering in Nederland.................................................................................................................................52
JURISPRUDENTIE...................................................................................................................................................54
EHRM 27 oktober 2011, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2011:1027JUD002530308 (in de Franse taal), NJ 2013/1 m.nt. J.M.
Reijntjes (Stojkovic/Frankrijk en België).........................................................................................................54
HvJ EU 2 maart 2021, C-746/18, ECLI:EU:C:2021:152 (Prokuratur) m.nt. D.A.G. van Toor in EHRC update.54
HvJ EU 20 december 2021, C-852/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:901 (Gavanozov II) m.nt. S.M.A. Lestrade in EHRC
updates...........................................................................................................................................................54
HR 11 oktober 2011, ECLI:NL:HR:2011:BR2911, NJ 2011/482.......................................................................54
HR 22 april 2022, ECLI:NL:HR:2022:612, NJ 2022/187..................................................................................54
INTERNATIONALE MISDRIJVEN..................................................................................................................... 56
INTERNATIONALE MISDRIJVEN..................................................................................................................................56
BASIS: INTERNATIONALE VERDRAGEN EN STATUTEN ....................................................................................................56
Implementatie in Nederland na 2003 ..........................................................................................................57
INTERNATIONALE MISDRIJVEN: BESTANDDELEN ..........................................................................................................57
INTERNATIONALE MISDRIJVEN: DEELNEMINGSVORMEN ................................................................................................58
RECHTSMACHT.....................................................................................................................................................58
Wanneer heeft Nederland rechtsmacht? .....................................................................................................58
ICC Hoofdaanklager: rechtsmacht ...............................................................................................................59
Immuniteiten ...............................................................................................................................................60
GENOCIDE .........................................................................................................................................................60
Genocide: toepasselijk recht ........................................................................................................................61
Genocide: Nederlandse IM zaken ................................................................................................................61
OORLOGSMISDRIJVEN .......................................................................................................................................... 62
Daarnaast nexus nodig .................................................................................................................................62
Wanneer sprake van een nexus?...................................................................................................................62
Wat is nou de nexus?.....................................................................................................................................63
GEWAPENDE CONFLICTEN.......................................................................................................................................63
Wanneer sprake van gewapend conflict? ...................................................................................................63
Internationaal gewapend conflict: toepasselijk recht ..................................................................................63
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