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Unit 8: BTEC/HSC
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Asma InayatUnit 8: Promoting Public Health
Learning Aim, A: Examine strategies for developing public health policy to improve the health of
individuals and the population.
In this assignment I will be explaining and evaluating the public health of prior generations and
the technologies increment and advancement through the time. The changes and its benefits to
the public. Importantly to the individual who is suffering through the same diseases outbreaks as
prior times, this would succour to identify the evolution of health provision, treatment,
experiments, amendments. Additionally, I would also include the difference between the prior
and current public health and the service provision. There were different scientists and individuals
who worked to help and overcome the outbreaks within the public areas. Such as William
beverages, Dr John Snow, and Edwin Chadwick.
The world epidemics, which emphasises the outbreaks of various disease in prior times, where the
health service, treatments, acknowledgement may not be certainly available. For example, diseases
like cholera (infects the intestines), typhoid (infection of intestines/stomach), and influenza. First
Cholera outbreaks happened due to contaminated/impurified water prior in 1826-1837, during this
period, they had lack of knowledge about various diseases, there causes and treatment and did not
understand the importance of clean, hygiene, and healthy water, neither worked to have the
management/organisation to share the idea and build the system of improved water. Poor water
spread diseases like cholera. It started from India and transmitted around the world, which led to
higher death rates, in the UK it recorded a death rate 230000 (Case Study: Cholera - BBC Bitesize),
due to new visibility and symptoms of cholera in the UK, the scientists, doctors/professional were
out of knowledge and could not find any effective treatment for the public, but later in times, they
had experiments and aids that had cost them but succoured to improve the pandemic period.
The disease victims, had to suffer severe symptoms such as fever, body aches, headaches, weight
loss, weakness, dehydration, low blood pressures, diarrhoea. The professional had lack of knowledge
and understanding of infection/bacteria. Which led to extensive time to treat the patients, this also
caused higher death rates. After the first outbreak of cholera, a professional named Edwin Chadwick
(the main/first person who started to promote the public health and its related knowledge),
suggested numerous ways to prevent this disease, which includes the cleanliness of the streets,
roads, waste from the houses and the streets. They believed that it was causing due to the bad
smells occurred within the society. The idea of Edwin Chadwick led to the conclusion of disposing
the waste into the river Thames, without acknowledging that, that water was been used by the
public to drink. This led to the extremism of the disease and brought the second pandemic after the
public was still consuming contaminated water from the river. In 1849, by Dr John Snow, who was
the one to diagnose the diseases outcomes/causes, as he explained that the outbreak was caused by
the contaminated water from the river Thames. The medical board did not recognise Dr snow’s
report that emphasises that the cholera has been spread through the contaminated water. This also
should that the medical system in prior times were not efficient and reliable enough to recognize the
outcomes, even when the research has been completed. Through this act it was essential to build an
,organisation that would support the system/society/community, such as NHS (was not in place at
that time).
After the third outbreak in London, the engineer called Joseph Bazalgette succoured to support the
country and improved through well-designed factors and areas. This also helped to reduce the
diseases like cholera, and through the new sewage system in London, it helped with health effects
reduction, the new sewage system was designed in a way that led the water flow to the tunnels
instead of the river. As the system was not wide and effective in all areas of the London, it led to
another outbreak, in the area where the new sewage system was not connected/build, by this
cholera outbreak, the medical board and people who were in doubt about his
theory/research/diagnose, by this time had agreed him.
William beverages, who was initially the founder of the NHS, has built the basic and foundation form
of social legislation, that supported in the improvement in the social factors, he was also a British
economist, and social reformer. He identifies the Five giants that would support in the improve of
the public health. Those five giants are wanted (caused by poverty), disease (caused by inadequate
healthcare), ignorance (lack of education), squalor (caused by poor housing), idleness (caused by lack
of Jobs/difficulty in getting jobs). In 1942, he built a report which identifies and explain the issues,
and then he figured out the five giants, that is causing in the society issues. He shared the idea of
building a free health service that would be beneficia for the people who needs health and do not
have the accessibility to it and dies due to it. In 1946, it was passed by the government and NHS
came into force. At that time Aneurin Bevan was the new health minister, helped to bring the NHS
into force and made it work for several people. Later he was the responsible and assigned person for
the public health/patients that use the service (NHS). The welfare state came into force after the
second world war, this succour to protect and promote the wellbeing of the service users of the
NHS, this promotes the equal rights/opportunity for the health and their improved life. Welfare
state is distributed in different countries.
DEVELOPING PUBLIC HEALTH
The aim of the NHS is to promote the care quality and improve it based on the checks, evaluation,
and the complaint system. They have started to provide more accessible and reliable service, which
allows the users to be able to connect with the staff and tell their experience, which would certainly
succour to support and improve the care and service quality. The government is also involved to
ensure that the health system is reliable enough for the public to use. This has increased after the
Second World War. NHS ensure this by meeting the aim of equal health service for the public all
around the UK. The plan that changes the demographical, the professionals need to ensure that the
public health policy are met essentially, which supports to build a data that included the initial
aspects of the public health, which includes, the improvements by the NHS, the
epidemics/pandemics. To gather these data the government needs to be able to acknowledge the
developmental situation of the health/disease in the future, this will allow the public to evaluate the
data and acknowledge its causes/outcomes/effects in themselves. This data is transferred into the
current trends and for the future about its development.
NHS has aimed and wants to provide and build a service that is stable, prioritising, and determined
towards the service provision, and acknowledging the better and improved pathways which will
support the public’s health. A service which is advanced, effective, and beneficial as this health
service is free, acknowledging, and responsive. This is important because as health problems are
increasing nowadays, so if the health department would not be responsive and advanced, it would
disadvantage the public and the society, for example, COVID-19 was a sudden pandemics and it
, spread quickly, and if the NHS system did not have the basic and research related priorly, it could
have been a disadvantage for the service and the public, because for example, if
The public health factors/the data are based on the lifestyle factors, which includes, unemployment,
education, poverty, housing, and vulnerability. These factors could be improved by the advanced
technology, opportunity to gain the achievements individuals desires. By the government, they have
been contributing and working to manage and provide them a service which is essentially equal, has
good care quality, valuing, showing importance, and good service. This has improved overtime, as
the technology and education system has improved, it also shows that people have less life
expectancy in prior times, as the healthcare system/education were not as advanced and relevant,
now healthcare system has improved and spread awareness about diseases, lifestyle factors, This
can be achieved, by having a qualified and experienced. The government has the budget of a total of
£257.6 billion, which means that £3840 per individual. The expenditure has been increased from
9.9%-2019 to 12%-2020 (Healthcare expenditure, UK Health Accounts - Office for National Statistics
(ons.gov.uk)). This means that due to the pandemic, more people got admitted in the hospital, and
due to the, the government increased the expenditure, this is to provide the public more effective
service, that has all the equipment’s available, so the professionals do not have to wait for the
medications, tests kits, vaccination and it is available every time, so the treatment can be quick, easy
and effective. Vaccination is safe and effective because it helps to protect the individual from the
disease, and potentially succours to stop the serious and deadly diseases, vaccinations help to
prevent and is beneficial. It shows that more than 3 million deaths are prevented from vaccination
worldwide. Prevention is always better than cure. As it is quick, easy, and reliable. This is the
advantage for the individual who want to get healthcare service and may not be able to afford, this
would provide them treatment, but the disadvantage can be that it may take time to provide the
finance to the individual, and by then they may have to arrange for the finance, such as individual
with cancer, they would need medications. Since 2003, the government has been urging people to
eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. NHS England's own figures show that the percentage
of the adult population reaching the target hit a 30% peak in 2006, when the message was still fairly
fresh. Since then, it's declined to 26%. This data emphasises that the government strategy on the
health improvement has benefitted and is effective to improve the health instance of obesity, this
additionally emphasises that the government strategy to improve physical has improved since they
have build this strategy.
IDENTIFYING AND MONITORING NEEDS
It is stated that people health has improved after the world war, due to food equality, and
distribution. This shows that the authorities understood the importance of health, and itself
monitored and managed the diet of people, at the time, they built an organisation which essentially
was to support the children’s mental health/illnesses, that was increased after the war. The
organisation was as Mental Health Departments. The government was the volunteer/welfare state,
that was responsible for the expenses and service provision. In 1946, World Health Organisation
(WHO), stated that health system should be identified as separate and should be acknowledged as a
big matter to be looked at. Because public health was increasing and that should be discussed and
treated diversely. This would support the public by separating the departments into mental health,
physical health, general health, social wellbeing. This would help to look and identifying the health in
wider perspectives, as just not medical.
As the health industry is more advanced, technologized, relevant, and easy to avail. This should be
maintained and improved by the time, as invention would appear that may be beneficial for the
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