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Lecture notes - Cell And Molecular Biology (Hydrocarbons) $7.16   Add to cart

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Lecture notes - Cell And Molecular Biology (Hydrocarbons)

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If you're studying a life science (e.g. - biomed, bioscience, physiology, sports science, sports physiology etc), then this detailed set of lecture notes on hydrocarbons will help you smash your first set of exams on cell/molecular biology! You'll need an in depth knowledge of hydrocarbons and t...

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  • September 6, 2023
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Hydrocarbons 30/09/19
- Made up of Hydrogen and Carbon
- Provide energy – C12 is the backbone of life
- Anything with C12 is organic

The octet rule means that atoms always want 8 e- in their outer shell

C12 has 4 valance e- therefore needs 4 more via covalent bonding.

(Mostly A level stuff so just a recap)

Shapes of hydrocarbons:
Alkanes = the simplest group of Hydrocarbons.
CH4 = Tetrahedral:
Each C12 is bonded to 4 H2 atoms

Tb increases as you increase the hydrocarbon chain. (Length of
the chain determines physical properties.)

CH4 (methane) → CH3 (methyl)
C2H4 = Planar: When naming, list substituents in alphabetical order (i.e. ethyl
before methyl when naming.)




Alkane = C-C
Increasing the bond number reduces the size
Alkene = C=C of the molecule.
Alkynes = C≡C

(As with A level chemistry, with alkenes, ‘=’ position determines the name, e.g. 1-Butene or 2-Butene
or But-1-ene, 2-ene, 3-ene, etc.)

Cyclo and Benzene = Rings

Isomers:
‘Iso’ = equal therefore isomers of hydrocarbons mean equal no. atoms of same element.

Different structures:

- Structural
- Cis/trans (E-Z)
- Optical (Enantiomers)

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