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Lecture notes - Cell And Molecular Biology (Cilia and Mitochondria)- Using Becker's World of the Cell, Global Edition $9.07
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Lecture notes - Cell And Molecular Biology (Cilia and Mitochondria)- Using Becker's World of the Cell, Global Edition
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  • Course
  • Cell And Molecular Biology
  • Institution
  • Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU)
  • Book
  • Becker\'s World of the Cell, Global Edition

If you're studying a life science (e.g. - biomed, bioscience, physiology, sports science, sports physiology etc), then this detailed set of lecture notes on cilia and mitochondria will help you smash your first set of exams on cell/molecular biology! You'll need a good knowledge of this you'll ...

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  • September 6, 2023
  • 3
  • 2019/2020
  • Class notes
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Subjects

  • cilia
  • flagella
  • mitochondria
  • matrix
  • organelle
  • nucleic acid
  • macromolecule
  • biomedical
  • biomed
  • biomedical science
  • bioscience
  • medical
  • medicine
  • biochemistry
  • chemistry
  • biology
  • biological science

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Cilia, Flagella and Mitochondria 18/11/19
Microtubules – Hollow, large – α and β Tubulin = protein subunits

- Cylindrical – β and α = bind together
- Dynamic – grow and shrink – responds to cellular signals
- Constant polymerisation/depolymerisation – adding/removing tubulin dimers (chem
compound – 2 similar subunits) – GTP hydrolysis

- Green filaments = microtubules

- Originate from ‘microtubule organisation centre’

- Bigger than intermediate filaments

- close to nucleus

3 structures:

- 1 cylinder = singlet – cytoplasm/mitotic spindles
- 2 cylinders = doublet – cilia/flagella
- 3 cylinders = triplet – centrioles/basal bodies

Structure depends on required function – e.g. – centrioles need lots of strength so 3, but flagella need
to move – less strength needed

Grow out from centrosome – (near nucleus) – anchored in place with triplet



Have a role in cell division

- Partition of replicated chromosomes
- Assembles and disassembles microtubule structure – forms mitotic spindle
- Centromere changes shape/structure – pulls chromatids
- 9 triples (27) microtubules – surrounded by protein matrix
- 9+0 = no tubules in centre
- Centriole pairs form mitotic spindle – so equal division of genetic material



Mitotic spindle controls chromosome movement

- 2x centrosomes (replication) – opposite poles of cell
- Microtubules grow out of them



Centrosome at prometaphase = Aster

- Tubules = down to midline and attached to kinetochore – attaches to chromatin
- Microtubules shorten (anaphase) – depolymerise at kinetochore ends – sister chromatids
more to opposite ends of cell
- Breaks down of microtubules = pulling motion
- Kinetochore breaks down microtubules – releases tubulin subunits

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