Samenvatting Alle artikelen New Media Challenges samengevat (2023)
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Course
New Media Challenges (S_NMC)
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
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Deze samenvatting bevat een volledige en overzichtelijke weergave van alle artikelen die worden behandeld in het vak New Media Challenges u...
Walther, J. B. (2011). Introduction to privacy online. In Privacy online (pp. 3-8).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg..pdf
Er is al lange tijd een spanning tussen ‘zoveel mogelijk online communiceren’ en ‘zoveel
mogelijk privacy behouden’. Hoe meer mensen onthullen, hoe meer ze kunnen genieten van de
voordelen van deze systemen, maar tegelijkertijd leidt het ook tot meer risico op privacy
inbreuken. Mensen verwachten vaak dat de informatie die ze online plaatsen niet door anderen
wordt gezien dan de specifieke groep waar ze t voor plaatsen.
Soms worden zelfs mensen ontslagen of gestraft door onprettige of dwaze afbeeldingen op hun
sociale media. Mensen vergeten vaak dat wanneer iets online is gezet, het vaak online blijft. Ook
gaan ze vaak uit van wettelijke bescherming, maar de wet gaat alleen over patiënten, artsen en
therapeuten, advocaten etc.
Het inlichten van mensen over online footprints zou veelbelovend zijn dan de wetten aan te
passen. Social media en instant messaging bieden wel vitale communicatiemogelijkheden voor
hun ontwikkeling. Het leidt tot de ontwikkeling van identiteit en seksuele identiteit, vooral
wanneer het anoniem/onder pseudoniem gebeurt. Personally-revealing en advice-oriented
exchanges blijven waardevolle activiteiten onder internetgebruikers. Er worden vaak
pseudoniemen gebruikt wanneer er gestigmatiseerde issues besproken worden, zoals bepaalde
ziekten of sexual dysfunctions. Anonimiteit is een van de redenen om online support te zoeken
ipv offline.
Bazarova, N. N., & Choi, Y. H. (2014). Self-disclosure in social media Extending the
functional approach to disclosure motivations and characteristics on social network sites.
Journal of Communication, 64(4), 635-657..pdf
According to the model of self-disclosure on social network sites people pursue strategic goals
and disclose differently depending on social media affordances, and self-disclosure goals
mediate between media affordances and disclosure intimacy. The results of the empirical study
examining self-disclosure motivations and characteristics in Facebook status updates, wall posts,
and private messaging lend to support to this model and provide insights into the motivational
drivers of self-disclosure on Social Network Sites (SNSs), helping to reconcile traditional views
on self-disclosure and self-disclosing behaviors in new media contexts.
The users of SNSs utilize different social media functions for disclosures with different levels of
intimacy, depending on their motives and goals, which help to reconcile traditional views on
,self-disclosure as selective behavior typically shared in dyadic contexts with public
self-disclosure on SNSs.
Self-disclosure: the act of revealing personal information to others. It is an intentional act
typically communicated through verbal behaviors describing the person, his/her experiences, and
feelings.
Derlega and Grzelak (1979) proposed a functional theory of self-disclosure. Disclosure goals or
subjective reasons for self-disclosing activate the disclosure decision-making process and shape
its content. If you wish to understand and predict individuals’ self-disclosing behavior, we must
identify (and measure) the major sources of value that self-disclosure has for individuals.
Four media affordances in social media, including SNSs:
1. Data permanence
2. Communal visibility of social information and communication
3. Message editability
4. Associations between individuals, as well as between a message and its creator
- H1: SNSs’ communication forms suggest different audience representations based
on their directedness and visibility, and, therefore, we propose that people pursue
different disclosure goals in Facebook status updates, wall posts, and private
messages.
H1 is confirmed. The results of the multinomial analysis indicate that disclosures in Facebook
status updates, wall posts, and private messages are associated with a different set of strategic
goals and motivations.
- H2: Disclosures directed at a familiar other, as via Facebook wall posts and private
messaging, are associated with relational development goals more than disclosures
directed at general others, as via Facebook status updates.
H2 is confirmed. As predicted, relational development goal was found to be more prominent in
directed wall posts and private messages than in status updates, with odds of a relational goal
about 11 times higher in wall posts than in status updates and about 9 times higher in private
messages than in status updates.
, - H3a: People pursue greater social validation goals in nondirected status updates
compared to directed wall posts and private messages.
H3a is confirmed. Consistent with predicting that social validation goals are more prominent in
status updates than wall posts and private messages, the effect of condition was significant.
- H3b: Social validation goals are more salient in public wall posts compared to
private messages because of wall posts’ visibility.
H3b is confirmed. Consistent with predicting the difference between wall posts and private
messages was also significant.
- H4: SNS users can adapt to different affordances by choosing to reveal less
intimate and private information via public status updates and wall posts than via
private messaging on Facebook.
- H5: Disclosure goals are expected to affect disclosure intimacy.
Consistent with H4 and H5, the effects of condition and goal were significant. Disclosures via
private messages were more intimate than disclosures either via status updates or via wall posts.
- H6: With less intimate disclosures associated with social validation goals are
compared to other self-disclosure goals, especially the more personally involving
relational development goals.
H6 is confirmed. Disclosures prompted by relational goals were more intimate than disclosures
prompted by social validation goal or social control goal.
- H7: Disclosure goals are predicted to mediate between Facebook communication
forms and disclosure intimacy.
The mediation effects found on relational development, social validation, social control, and
self-expression goals lend support to H7.
, Choi, H., Park, J., & Jung, Y. (2021). The role of privacy fatigue in
online privacy behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 42-51..pdf
Privacy fatigue: repeated consumer data breaches have given people a sense of futility, ultimately
making them weary of having to think about online privacy.
Privacy fatigue reflects a sense of weariness toward privacy issues, in which individuals believe
that there is no effective means of managing their personal information on the Internet.
- Because there is good evidence that fatigued individuals are likely to reduce their
decision-making efforts, such behavior can be considered as a manifestation of
privacy fatigue among the users who are not willing to devote major efforts to
managing the information they share.
Considerable emphasis has been placed on an individual's subjective assessment of information
privacy risk, referred to as online privacy concern/privacy concern.
Fatigue: subjective, unpleasant feeling of tiredness that has multiple dimensions varying in
duration, unpleasantness and intensity. Fatigue arises from situations in which people are faced
with high demands and an inability to meet their goals.
- Confronted with difficulties in goal achievement, fatigued people tend to exhibit
disengagement during task performance, rather than seeking to solve problems.
- When faced with privacy threats, individuals may react in a protective way to
enhance their privacy, but with a sense of fatigue, they may not actively engage in
privacy protection behaviors in line with the relationship between fatigue and
disengagement. In this context of information privacy, the decision not to cope with
privacy problems represents a deliberate disengagement from privacy issues
Online privacy refers to how personal information is collected and used in the online context.
- It has been demonstrated that privacy concerns have a significant effect on the
tendency to disclose personal information in various online contexts. Individuals with
high levels of privacy concern would show more reluctance to disclose personal
information to online vendors.
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