Summary
Samenvatting Conservatievaardigheden II
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uitgeschreven lessen van theorie en praktijk over reinigingstechnieken (conservatie - restauratie)
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Conservatievaardigheden 2UAntwerpen, 2e bachelor, academiejaar 2022-2023
Docent N. Ortega
Inhoudsopgave
1 inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Lessenoverzicht ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 evaluatie .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Schriftelijk werkstuk ................................................................................................................ 7
2 Reinigen algemeen ........................................................................................................................ 10
2.1 Vuil en stof ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.1.1 Wat is vuil? .................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Alteratieproducten ........................................................................................................ 15
2.1.3 Waaruit bestaat stof? .................................................................................................... 16
2.1.4 De gevaren van stof en vuil ........................................................................................... 19
2.1.5 Identificatie van vuil ...................................................................................................... 20
2.1.6 Schadebeeld .................................................................................................................. 20
2.1.7 Reiniging ........................................................................................................................ 21
2.1.8 Waarom reinigen? ......................................................................................................... 24
2.1.9 Testen en evaluatie van de uitgevoerde testen ............................................................ 26
2.1.10 Persoonlijke bescherming ............................................................................................. 29
2.2 Schadebeelden ...................................................................................................................... 30
2.3 Andere inventarisatie methodes ........................................................................................... 38
2.4 Opdracht 16/2 ....................................................................................................................... 40
2.5 Opdracht 17/2 ....................................................................................................................... 41
3 Kleuronderzoek ............................................................................................................................. 42
3.1.1 Wat? .............................................................................................................................. 42
3.1.2 Waarom? ....................................................................................................................... 42
3.1.3 Verslag ........................................................................................................................... 42
3.1.4 Stratigrafie praktische benodigdheden ......................................................................... 42
3.1.5 Vormen van stratigrafie................................................................................................. 42
3.1.6 Oefening stratigrafie ..................................................................................................... 44
3.1.7 Bibliografie..................................................................................................................... 44
4 Mechanisch reinigen ..................................................................................................................... 45
4.1 inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 45
1
, 4.1.1 Verschillende reinigingsmethoden ................................................................................ 45
4.1.2 Mechanisch verbonden vuil .......................................................................................... 46
4.1.3 Een classificatie van vervuiling ...................................................................................... 47
4.1.4 Voorbereidende vragen ................................................................................................ 48
4.1.5 Identificeren van vuil en object voor –en na behandeling ............................................ 48
4.2 overzicht van technieken ...................................................................................................... 49
4.2.1 Ontstoffen ..................................................................................................................... 49
4.2.2 Stof in beweging ............................................................................................................ 52
4.2.3 Stof in beweging o.i. RV (Cementation) ........................................................................ 54
4.2.4 Reinigen met lucht ........................................................................................................ 54
4.2.5 Museumstofzuiger......................................................................................................... 55
4.2.6 Microvezel doeken ........................................................................................................ 56
4.2.7 Lijm als oppervlakte reiniger ......................................................................................... 57
4.2.8 Van polijsten naar abrasieve methodes ........................................................................ 58
4.2.9 Breekmethodes ............................................................................................................. 59
4.2.10 Gommen en sponzen .................................................................................................... 62
4.2.11 Keuze van de geschikte gom ......................................................................................... 66
4.3 Trillingen ................................................................................................................................ 68
4.4 Bronnen ................................................................................................................................. 70
4.5 Oefeningen ............................................................................................................................ 71
4.5.1 Oefening papier ............................................................................................................. 71
4.5.2 Oefening steen .............................................................................................................. 71
4.5.3 Oefening metalen medaille ........................................................................................... 74
5 Fysische reiniging .......................................................................................................................... 85
5.1 Waterige oplossingen ............................................................................................................ 85
5.1.1 Begrippen ...................................................................................................................... 85
5.2 Zepen en detergenten ........................................................................................................... 95
5.3 Reinigen in de praktijk ........................................................................................................... 99
5.4 Oefening .............................................................................................................................. 103
5.4.1 Kaarsvet ....................................................................................................................... 103
5.4.2 Papier........................................................................................................................... 103
5.4.3 Jute textiel ................................................................................................................... 105
5.4.4 Steengoed .................................................................................................................... 106
6 Chemische reiniging .................................................................................................................... 107
6.1 Waterige oplossing .............................................................................................................. 107
6.2 Ph en bufferoplossingen...................................................................................................... 108
2
, 6.2.1 Wat is een bufferoplossing? ........................................................................................ 109
6.2.2 waarom bufferoplossingen gebruiken in C/R. ............................................................. 109
6.2.3 Hoe een bufferoplossing maken?................................................................................ 113
6.3 Conductiviteit/concentratie ................................................................................................ 115
6.3.1 Hoe?............................................................................................................................. 116
6.4 Chelators = complexvormers ............................................................................................... 116
6.4.1 wat? ............................................................................................................................. 116
6.4.2 de werking van chelators ............................................................................................ 117
6.5 Gels ...................................................................................................................................... 120
6.5.1 Viskeuze gels versus rigide gels ................................................................................... 121
6.5.2 Rigide gels: Agarose, agar, gellan ................................................................................ 122
6.5.3 Visceuze gels ................................................................................................................ 130
6.5.4 classificatie systemen .................................................................................................. 130
6.5.5 Verschillende types van Klucel® .................................................................................. 131
6.5.6 Xanthan gom ............................................................................................................... 131
6.6 Poly acrylzuren .................................................................................................................... 133
6.7 The clearance issue, de residu kwestie ............................................................................... 135
6.8 een aantal cases .................................................................................................................. 135
6.8.1 Oefening ...................................................................................................................... 137
7 Vrije solventen en Teas ............................................................................................................... 141
7.1 Introductie ........................................................................................................................... 142
7.1.1 Cohesieve energie ....................................................................................................... 142
7.1.2 Stadia van oplossen ..................................................................................................... 144
7.1.3 context (schets) ........................................................................................................... 145
7.2 Hildebrand Solubility Parameter ......................................................................................... 147
7.3 Hansen Solubility Parameter ............................................................................................... 151
7.4 Teas Solubility Parameters .................................................................................................. 154
7.4.1 Solventklassen in Teas ................................................................................................. 157
7.4.2 Solvent interacties ....................................................................................................... 159
7.5 Bedenkingen vrije solventen en teas .................................................................................. 162
7.6 ter info: oplosmiddelen ....................................................................................................... 165
7.6.1 Werking ....................................................................................................................... 165
7.6.2 vernis weghalen........................................................................................................... 166
7.6.3 Alifatische koolwaterstoffen: ...................................................................................... 166
7.6.4 Solvent actie ................................................................................................................ 167
7.7 Tekst removal of varnish: organic solvents as cleaning agents ........................................... 169
3
, 7.7.1 de structuur en distributie van oppervlaktecoatings op schilderijen, zoals vernis,
retouches, afzettingen, resten en aangroeiingen ....................................................................... 169
7.7.2 vernissen en organische oplosmiddelen ..................................................................... 170
7.7.3 Vernissamenstelling, vernisoplosbaarheid en veranderingen met de leeftijd ........... 170
7.7.4 Oplosbaarheid van verse dammar en mastiek ............................................................ 170
7.7.5 veroudering van harsen............................................................................................... 171
7.7.6 oil paint sensitivity: swelling, leaching, pigment removal ........................................... 172
7.7.7 Planning a cleaning treatment with solvents .............................................................. 173
7.8 Literatuur ............................................................................................................................. 175
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