Summary
Summary Notes on Gene Expression and Cancer - AQA A Level Biology
- Course
- Institution
Summary Notes on Gene Expression and Cancer - AQA A Level Biology A* and A quality
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
studytogether
Reviews received
Content preview
Gene expression and Cancer – AQA A Level Biology Summary NotesCancer arrises from uncontrolled cell division that produces a tumour
No all tumours are cancerous - malignant are, benign are non-cancerous
Tumour = mass of undifferentiated cells dividing out of control
Benign tumour = mass of undifferentiated cells dividing out of control that do not cause
cancer - if pieces break off, they will not start new tumours elsewhere in body
Malignant tumour = mass of undifferentiated cells dividing out of control that will undergo
metastasis - cells break off and form new tumours in other parts of the body
cancer = dividing cells from a tumour undergo metastasis
Benign Tumours Malignant Tumours
Grow v slowly Rapid growth
Cell nucleus appears normal Nucleus often larger and darker due to abundance of
DNA
Cells have differentiated and Cells become dedifferentiated and are unspecialised
become specialised
Cells produce adhesion molecules Cells do not produce adhesion molecules so spread to
so stick together, remaining other areas of body through metastasis, producing
within ‘primary’ tumour secondary tumours
Less likely to be life threatening Usually life threatening as abnormal tissue replaces
normal tissue
Localised effects Systemic (whole body) effects eg weight loss and
fatigue
Can be removed with surgery Removal usual requires radiotherapy/chemotherapy
as well as surgery
Rarely occur More frequently reoccur after treatment
The role of tumour-suppressor genes and oncogenes in development of tumours
Tumour suppressor genes - genes which encode proteins that inhibit progression through
cell cycle checkpoints, thus slow down cell division
Examples: TP53, BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
Oncogenes - genes which encode proteins that stimulate progression through cell cycle
checkpoints, this speed up cell division
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller studytogether. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.70. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76747 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
Recently viewed by you
