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Class-9 History Nazim And The Rise of Hitler Notes NCERT
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NOTES TECHIEHISTORY NOTES
NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER
☆ Birth of the Weimar Republic
First World War
• Germany was defeated in the First World war.
• After the war was over, the monarchy in Germany quits.
☆ The Weimar Republic
A National Assembly met at Weimar to wrote a constitution.
Working
• Deputies were elected to the German Parliament or Reichstag.
Structure
• Democratic constitution with a federal structure. Universal Adult Franchise (all adults have right to
vote including women).
Defects
• Proportional representation: Made achieving a majority by any one party a near impossible task,
which led to a rule by coalitions.
• Article 48: Gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by
decree.
• The republic was not received well by its own people largely because of it had to accept the peace
treaty of Versailles after Germany's defeat at the end of the First World War.
☆ Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost its overseas colonies.
→ 13 percent of its territories.
, → 75 percent of its iron.
→26 percent of its coal.
→Allied Powers demilitarised Germany.
→ Pay compensation of £6 billion. Lost resource-rich Rhineland.
• Many Germans held the new Weimer Republic responsible for not only the defeat in the war but the
disgrace at Versailles.
☆ The Effects of the War
• The war had a devastating impact on Europe both psychologically and financially.
• The supporters of the Weimer Republic were criticised and became easy targets of attack in the
conservative nationalist circles.
• Soldiers came to be placed above civilians.
• Aggressive war propaganda and national honour became important.
☆ Political Radicalism and Economic Crisis
• The Spartacist League was established on the pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.
• The Spartacists founded the Communist Party of Germany.
• The Weimar Republic crushed the uprising with the help of a war veterans organisation called Free
Corps.
• In 1923, Germany refused to pay the war compensations.so, France occupied its leading industrial
area, Ruhr.
• To counter this, Germany started printing paper currency recklessly. → The value of the mark
collapsed and the prices of goods rose. There was hyperinflation.
☆ The Years of Depression
• Wall Street Exchange crashed in 1929.
• Between 1929 and 1932, the national income of the USA fell by half.
• The effects of this recession in the US economy were felt worldwide.
☆ Effects on Germany
• Germany received short-term loans largely from the US.
Industrial production reduced.
• Workers lost their jobs.
• Youth took to criminal activities.
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