Computer Networks and security is a field of technology and practices that focuses on the interconnection of computers and the protection of data and resources within these networks. In the modern digital landscape, computer networks and security play crucial roles, enabling efficient communication...
1. Introduction to Computer Networks
2. Components of Computer Networks
3. Computer Network Architecture:
4. Uses of Computer Networks
5. Network Hardware
6. Reference Models
7. Design Issues for The Layers
8. Connection-oriented Vs Connectionless Service:
9. Service Primitives
10. Reference Models
11. Design Issues of Datalink Layer
12. Error Detection and Correction
13. Sliding Window Protocol
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, Introduction to Computer Networks
Computer Network: A collection of autonomous computers interconnected by asingle
technology.
• Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to exchange
information.
• The aim of the computer network is the sharing of information andresources
among various devices.
• In the case of computer network technology, there are several types ofnetworks
that vary from simple to complex level.
Components of Computer networks:
A computer network comprises the following components:
➢ A minimum of at least 2 computers.
➢ Cables that connect the computers to each other, although wireless
communication is becoming more common.
➢ A network interface device on each computer (this is called a network
interface card or NIC).
➢ A switch used to switch the data from one point to another. Hubs are
outdated and are little used for new installations.
➢ A router that connects two or more networks or subnetworks.
➢ A modem that is used especially to transmit and receive informationbetween
computers via landlines
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,NIC (National interface card):
NIC is a device that helps the computer to communicate with another device. The
network interface card contains the hardware addresses. The data-link layer
protocol use this address to identify the system on the network so that it
transfers the data to the correct destination.
There are two types of NIC:
➢ Wireless NIC: All the modern laptops use the wireless NIC. In Wireless
NIC, a connection is made using the antenna that employs the radio wave
technology.
➢ Wired NIC: Cables use the wired NIC to transfer the data over the
medium.
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, Hub:
➢ Hub is a central device that splits the network connection into multiple
devices.
➢ When computer requests for information from a computer, it sends the
request to the Hub.
➢ Hub distributes this request to all the interconnected computers.
Switch:
➢ Switch is a networking device that groups all the devices over the network
to transfer the data to another device.
➢ A switch is better than Hub as it does not broadcast the message over the
network, i.e., it sends the message to the device for which it belongs to.
➢ Therefore, we can say that switch sends the message directly from source
to the destination.
Cables and connectors:
Cable is a transmission media that transmits the communication signals.
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