Anatomy 1 Midterm AAMI exam questions with complete solutions

visceral relating to the covering of an organ Cervical Another name for neck region Microscopic anatomy Branch of anatomy that studies with a microscope anatomy The study pf the structure of the body Proximal In relation to the wrist, the elbow is Supination Rotating the forearm so the palms are facing anterior Pronation turning the palm downward Diaphragm what structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity Pathological anatomy is the study of anatomy in regard to the structural changes, both microscopically and macroscopically, in the body which occurs as a result of disease physiology studies the functions of living things or how the body works. macro scopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be studied with the unaided eye; without the use of the microscope. femoral triangle also known as scarpas triangle medial boundary of femoral triangle is formed by the adductor longus muscle femoral artery lies lateral and superficial to the femoral vein femoral vein lies medial and deep to the femoral artery superior boundary of femoral triangle is formed by the inguinal ligament lateral boundary of femoral triangle is formed by the sartorius muscle femoral triangle Is located in the anterior superior portion of the upper 1/3 thigh. Brachial Plexus is a network of nerve fibers that originates from the ventral branches of the last four cervical (C5-C8) and first Thoracic (T1) spinal nerves. This network supplies the shoulders, arms and chest. axillary vein lies medial and superficial to the axillary artery axillary artery lies lateral and deep to the axillary vein Axilla small hollow beneath the arm where it joins the body at the shoulders microscopic anatomy deals with the study of structures of the body that can be seen only with the use of a microscope. These structures are so small that they are best studied using a microscope. histology is the study of tissues in the body which can only be effectively studied with the aid of the microscope. cytology is the study of the structure of individual cells. systemic anatomy is where the body is studied by individual systems such as the digestion, circulatory, skeletal or respiratory systems. regional anatomy will study some particular body region as a separate unit, such as the head, chest, and abdominal areas, etc. Anatomical Position Standing erect Facing the observer Feet are flat on the floor Upper extremities are at the sides Palms of the hand are facing anteriorly (towards the front) Prone position refers to a subject lying face down or with the anterior surface down supine position refers to a subject lying face up or with the anterior surface facing up. Anterior / Ventral means toward or closer to the front of the body. posterior / dorsal means towards or closer to the back of the body. Medial refers to something which is located toward the midline (center of the body), or median plane of the body Lateral refers to a location away from the median plane or towards the sides of the body (or body part). Superior, cephalad, cephalic, cranial these 4 terms refer to a structure that is located toward the head or upper part of the body or away from the feet. Inferior /Caudal is the opposite and refers to a structure that is located toward the tail end or the inferior end of the body; or away from the head proximal literally means nearest. The technical definition refers to something that is located toward or closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body, or closer to the point of origin. Distal means to be distant; therefore it refers to something that is further away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body or farther from the point of origin Deep refers to something that is located away from the surface of the body or towards the inside of the body superficial pertaining to something that is near or on the surface of the body parietal relates to or forming the outer wall of a body cavity Visceral pertains to organs; or the covering of an organ Internal within the body; pertaining to the inside of the body, the opposite of external. External pertaining to the exterior; the opposite of internal. peripheral located at, or pertaining to, the periphery, or outer surface of the body or body part; occurring away from the center Central situated at or pertaining to a center or central point. Flexion a muscle action that decreases the angle at an articulation (joint). Bending your elbow Extension a muscle action that increases the angle at an articulation (joint). Straightening or extending your forearm Abduction a muscle action that moves an extremity AWAY from the midline of the body adduction a muscle action that moves an extremity TOWARDS the midline of the body supination The act of rotating your forearm so that the palm of your hand faces superiorly or anteriorly pronation The act of rotating your forearm so that the palm of your hand faces inferiorly or posteriorly. saggital plane this is a vertical plane that runs through the body and separates (divides) it into right and left portions. This plane does not make a distinction between equal or unequal.