Critical Thinking 2023 Test Questions and Correct Answers

Critical Thinking 2023 Test Questions and Correct Answers Syllogism - Answer-a deductive argument usually consisting of two premises and a conclusion Sound argument - Answer-a valid deductive argument whose premises are true Valid argument - Answer-an argument structured in a correct deductive format; an argument structured in such a way that if its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true Deductive argument - Answer-an argument that follows formal patterns of reasoning and is aimed at establishing the certainty of a conclusion through presenting true premises in a valid form Inductive reasoning - Answer-the process of finding truth by making observations; these observations may be from statistical polling, controlled experiments or relevant examples and analogies Deductive reasoning - Answer-the process of inferring a conclusion by putting forth true premises in a valid form Statistical generalizations - Answer-inferences drawn from statistical evidence that are used to give strength to inductive arguments Representative - Answer-a quality of a research sample in which the sample has the same proportion as the target population. In other words: the people studied are like the people whom you wish to generalize Statistical evidence - Answer-Data collected by polling and research studies that can be used to make statistical generalizations Enthymeme - Answer-a syllogism with a key part or parts implied rather than directly stated Red herring - Answer-a fallacy in which the reasons offered to support conclusions lead the listener away from the issue under consideration Begging the question - Answer-a fallacy that occurs when a speaker or writer assumes what needs to be proven Begging the question format - Answer-1. a conclusion is claimed to be true 2. the reasons (premises) given for the conclusion have not been proven by the speaker or writer 3. sometimes, the listener is challenged to prove that the conclusion is not true