Cambridge International AS and A Level Geography second edition
This document consists of full-length notes on the physical core topics in A-level geography including, Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology, Atmosphere and Weather and Rocks and weathering. Each topic is explained in depth with definitions and figures for assistance. Each topic ends with human fact...
Human Modifications (example)
Large scale changes of channel flow and storage
Irrigation (supply water) and land drainage
Large scale abstraction of groundwater and surface water for domestic/industrial use
Urbanization -> converting land into concrete surface
Watershed – Catchment area of drainage basin
Drainage Density
Total length of all streams in drainage basin divided by total area of drainage basin
Measures how well/poorly water is drained by stream channels
More streams, better drained (steeper rising limb and peak flow)
Stream Ordering
Numbering streams part of drainage basin network
1st order streams – numerous
Higher order streams - fewer
Bifurcation Ratio
Ratio of num of stream segments of one order to number of
next higher order
BR low, less than 2.5 means it’s complex (branched)
BR high, large num of 1st order streams joining main channel (higher risk of flood)
Example:
Stream order 1 = 27
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