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Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions, Origins and Insertions of Muscles
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Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions,Origins and Insertions of Muscles
Gastrocnemius - -A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral
condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
-Soleus - -A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
-Tibialis Anterior - -A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
-Tibialis Posterior - -A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial
ankle stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of
fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus,
plantar surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
metatarsal bones.
-Popliteus - -A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on
tibia. Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
-Plantaris - -A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg
at the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal
ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
-Peroneus Longus - -A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives
lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
-Peroneus Brevis - -A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle.
Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
, -Peroneus Tertius - -A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
-Extensor Hallucis Longus - -A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued
action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the
ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
-Extensor Digitorum Longus - -A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and
everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of
fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert
on dorsal surfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th
toes.
-Flexor Hallucis Longus - -Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
-Flexor Digitorum Longus - -Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle shaft)
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical
(origin) muscles
-Vastus Medialis - -A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O:
Lower 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and
adductor longus
, I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into
tibial tuberosity
-Vastus Intermedius - -A: Extends leg at the knee
O: Proximal 2/3 of anterolateral surface of femur, upper part of lateral
supracondylar line
I: by tendons of the rectus and vasti muscles into the superior border of
patella and through patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity.
-Vastus Lateralis - -A: Extends leg at the knee and draws patella laterally
O: Upper part of intertrocheanteric line, anterior and lower borders of greater
trochanter, tendon of gluteus maximus
I: Lateral border of the patella and through the patellar ligament into the
tibial tuberosity
-Rectus Femoris - -A: Extension of leg at knee. Flexion of thigh at hip
O: Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine
Reflected head: Groove on upper brim of acetabulum
I: Upper border of patella and through patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity
-Semimembranosus - -A: Flexes and Medially rotates the leg at the knee.
Extends, adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip.
O: Upper and lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia
-Semitendinosus - -A: Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee.
Extends, adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip.
O: Ischial tuberosity with tendon of the long head of the biceps femoris.
I: Anterior and medial surface of the shaft of the tibia just below the condyle.
-Biceps Femoris - -A: Flexion and lateral rotation of the leg at the knee,
extends, adducts and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip. The short head is
the primary leg flexor when the long head is placed at a disadvantage by the
extended thigh.
O: Long head: Ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament. Short head:
lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur.
I: Lateral side of the head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia and the
deep fascia on the lateral side of the leg
-Gluteus Maximus - -A: Extends thigh at the hip, assists in laterally rotating
the thigh. Upper 2/3 are abductors, lower 1/3 is inactive as an
abductor/adductor in the standing position
O: Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, aponeurosis of the erector spinae, dorsal
surface of sacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament
I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract of fascia lata
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