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Summary PYC3704 - Exam prep

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This is a detailed summery of all the units needed for the exam. This summary will even help you in the short time given to complete the assignments. It is literally just a short version of the study guide given for this module.

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  • July 15, 2017
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PYC3704 – Psychological Research

Topic 1

Inferential Statistics – concerned with inferring numerical properties of statistical populations from
sample data
Theory:
 Accounts for facts and suggest how they are related to each other. A framework of ideas
that provides an explanation of something
 The theory – if true – implies what we should observe under certain specific circumstances
Psychological research:
Testing theories of human behaviour / testing of theories against observations
 Purpose is to gather and organise data o
 Build theories and test them empirically, through observation

Theory: A network of postulated relations between constructs / concepts / variables
Constructs:
 building blocks of theory
 theoretical in nature
 deliberately created / proposed to explain certain observations
 often refer to a hypothetical aspect of a person / situation
 cannot be observed, has to be inferred from behaviour
 i.e. anxiety = sweat, empty sensation in stomach, heart palpitations are all symptoms caused
by unseen underlying process
 Anxiety = LATENT variable - hidden / intervening
 Behaviour instances of sweating / palpitations = MANIFEST variables
 Variable aka indicators / referents / observable consequences / implications
 Based on the observable behaviour of an abstract construct / concept – we can derive an
anxiety score
 To arrive at a score – we must provide a measured operational definition of the construct; a
measurement model for each construct
 By identifying observable behavioural instances of a construct – one can measure it

 DEPENDENT VARIABLE - Variable that is influenced – the EFFECT
 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE – Variable that influences – the CAUSE

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION : Specifying observable instances of a construct
2 KINDS
1. THEORETICAL definition of a construct – where a construct is defined in terms of other
constructs
2. OPERATIONAL definition of psychological constructs – constructs defined in terms of
observable instances (necessary for measurement) - allows us to bridge the gap between
theoretical constructs and observations by spelling out what must be done to measure the
construct

 OPERATIONALISING OF CONSTRUCTS – process followed to make abstract concepts
empirically observable – making them measurable – transforming theoretical constructs into
empirical constructs
 INDICATOR – an observable measure of a construct

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