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Aantekeningen Van Perceptie tot Bewustzijn 2023/2024, deeltentamen 1 zintuigsystemen, UvA - Psychobiologie - 2023 $5.46   Add to cart

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Aantekeningen Van Perceptie tot Bewustzijn 2023/2024, deeltentamen 1 zintuigsystemen, UvA - Psychobiologie - 2023

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In dit document staan uitgebreide aantekeningen van de hoorcolleges van 'Van Perceptie tot Bewustzijn'. Dit is het document voor deeltentamen 1 over de zintuigsystemen. Je moet wel de zelfstudie van Canvas zelf nog doen. Dit zijn alleen aantekeningen van de colleges. De voorbereiding op hoorcollege...

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  • September 16, 2023
  • September 19, 2023
  • 69
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Cappaert, van wijk, van gaal
  • College 1 t/m 8 (deeltentamen 1, sensorische systemen)
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Hoorcollege 1: Introductie (06-09) .......................................................................................................... 4
Inleiding: gewaarwording en waarneming .......................................................................................... 4
Sensorische systemen...................................................................................................................... 4
Verwerking van sensorische informatie in sensorische systemen ...................................................... 4
Verwerking....................................................................................................................................... 5
Is alles wat je waarneemt ook waar? .................................................................................................. 6
Informatieverwerking in het brein ...................................................................................................... 6
Integratie ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Neurale circuits ................................................................................................................................ 7
Codering van informatie ...................................................................................................................... 8
Hoe kun je perceptie bestuderen en meten? ...................................................................................... 9
Drempelbepaling ........................................................................................................................... 10
Signaaldetectietheorie .................................................................................................................. 10
Hoorcollege 2: Reuk- en smaakzin (07-09) ............................................................................................ 11
Gebruikte afkortingen: ...................................................................................................................... 11
Leerdoelen ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Olfaction ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Eigenschappen van de stimulus: ................................................................................................... 11
Olfactory receptoren (OR’s) ............................................................................................................... 12
Olfactory receptorcellen .................................................................................................................... 12
Receptorexpressie ......................................................................................................................... 13
Signaaltransductie in cilia van ORC’s ............................................................................................. 14
Adaptatie in receptorcellen ........................................................................................................... 14
Olfactorische gevoeligheid ............................................................................................................ 14
Ruimte ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Bulbus olfactorius .......................................................................................................................... 16
Tijd ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Phase Space ................................................................................................................................... 17
Cortex ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Percepties .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Hoorcollege 3: Somatosensorisch systeem (08-09)............................................................................... 21
Voorbereiding hoorcollege ................................................................................................................ 21
De prikkel ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Sensorische receptorcellen (H9 Purves) ........................................................................................ 21

, Waarnemen van objecten ................................................................................................................. 22
Transductie ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Transmissie ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Zenuwbanen en relay stations....................................................................................................... 23
Dermatomen ................................................................................................................................. 23
Codering ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Perceptie............................................................................................................................................ 26
Codering van locatie .......................................................................................................................... 27
Organisatie van de cortex .................................................................................................................. 27
Hoorcollege 4: Auditief systeem (12-09) ............................................................................................... 29
Identificatie van de geluidsbron ........................................................................................................ 29
Prikkel of stimulus ......................................................................................................................... 29
Sensorische receptorcellen ........................................................................................................... 29
Transductie .................................................................................................................................... 30
Transmissie .................................................................................................................................... 33
Lokalisatie van het geluid .................................................................................................................. 34
Perceptie........................................................................................................................................ 34
Overzicht............................................................................................................................................ 37
Hoorcollege 5: Retina (13-09) ................................................................................................................ 38
Prikkel of stimulus ............................................................................................................................. 38
Sensorische receptorcellen ............................................................................................................... 38
Organisatie retinale netwerk ......................................................................................................... 38
Fotoreceptoren .............................................................................................................................. 38
Transductie ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Transductie in staafjes ................................................................................................................... 40
Transductie in kegeltjes ................................................................................................................. 40
Netwerk in de retina ...................................................................................................................... 41
Transmissie en perceptie ................................................................................................................... 45
Hoorcollege 6: Van Retina naar V1 (15-09) ........................................................................................... 46
Organisatorische regels van visuele waarneming ............................................................................. 46
Similarity ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Proximity........................................................................................................................................ 46
Good continuation ......................................................................................................................... 46
Contour sallency ............................................................................................................................ 46
Cruciale visuele paden....................................................................................................................... 46
Functionele eigenschappen en architectuur van de LGN .................................................................. 49

, Primaire visuele cortex (gebied V1): retinotopie............................................................................... 51
Functionele eigenschappen en architectuur van V1 ......................................................................... 52
Kenmerken verschillende stripes in V2: ............................................................................................ 56
Samenvatting ..................................................................................................................................... 56
Hoorcollege 7: Van V1 naar Extrastriate Cortex (15-09)........................................................................ 57
Oriëntatie detectie en contour detectie ............................................................................................ 57
Complexe en hypercomplexe cellen in V1 ..................................................................................... 57
Laterale connecties binnen een laag (V1) ..................................................................................... 58
Perceptie van diepte .......................................................................................................................... 59
Het detecteren van grenzen van objecten ........................................................................................ 59
Border ownership cellen in V2 ...................................................................................................... 59
Het detecteren en analyseren van beweging .................................................................................... 60
In V1............................................................................................................................................... 60
In V1 en MT ................................................................................................................................... 62
Kleur en helderheid ........................................................................................................................... 63
Retina (herhaling) .......................................................................................................................... 63
De retina en verder........................................................................................................................ 63
Samenvatting ..................................................................................................................................... 64
Hoorcollege 8: Dorsale en Ventrale paden & Object- en Gezichtsherkenning (19-09) ......................... 66
Doelen van high-level visuele verwerking ......................................................................................... 66
Architectuur van het ventrale pad en laesiestudies .......................................................................... 66
Speciale objecten: gezichtsherkenning ............................................................................................. 67
Functionele problemen voor objectherkenning ................................................................................ 68
Perceptual constancy (‘image linking’) .......................................................................................... 68
Categorische perceptie (‘categorical linking’) ............................................................................... 69
Schade aan het dorsale pad (pariëtaalkwab) ................................................................................ 69

, Hoorcollege 1: Introductie (06-09)
Inleiding: gewaarwording en waarneming
Sensorische systemen
• Gezichtsvermogen
• Reukzin
• Smaakzin
• Gehoor
• Tastzin

De sensorische systemen vangen stimuli uit de
buitenwereld op en brengen ze naar het centrale
zenuwstelsel.


Dit gaat in 2 gedeeltes:
- Gewaarwording (sensation): informatie uit de
omgeving verkrijgen d.m.v. perifere
sensorische systemen (zintuigen)
- Waarneming (perception): gebruiken en interpreteren van de info d.m.v. (centrale) processen
in het brein
Dit werkt in een gradiënt. Het zijn niet per se 2 losse onderdelen.



Verwerking van sensorische informatie in sensorische systemen
Stappen:
1. Prikkel of stimulus
2. Sensorische receptorcellen
3. Transductie
4. Transmissie: sensorische zenuw vervoert actiepotentiaal naar centrale zenuwstelsel
5. Perceptie: verwerking van gewaarwording tot waarneming in de hersenen
6. Actie



• Stimulus (licht, geluid, geur, etc.)
• Zintuigen met receptorcellen: door deze cellen worden stimuli opgevangen
• Receptorcellen: dit zijn neuronen, verschillende soorten:
o Mechanoreceptoren
o Chemoreceptoren
o Fotoreceptoren
Het zijn gespecialiseerde cellen die de omgeving monitoren op prikkels en deze info
doorgeven naar het CNS
• Transductie in receptorcellen: de receptorcellen in het perifere zenuwstelsel zetten prikkels
om in een elektrochemisch signaal wat boven de drempelwaarde doorgegeven worden
richting het CNS. De receptorcellen hebben namelijk kanalen in het membraan.
• Transmissie: PNS ➔ CNS (perifeer naar centraal): bijvoorbeeld van het oog naar de visuele
cortex.

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