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Theme 2: Global Integration Processes (Complete Summary)
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Theme II: Global Integration ProcessLecture, Literature & Notes
By AceAcademy ©
, Theme II: Global Integration Process
Globalization
Globalization is the growing interconnectedness of economies worldwide, primarily driven
by the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. Additionally, it encompasses the
international movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology), along with broader
dimensions such as cultural, political, and environmental impacts.
Four Aspects of Globalization:
1. Trade and Transactions
2. Capital and Investment Movements
3. Migration and People Mobility
4. Knowledge Sharing
The first age of globalization
The period from the 1870s until the outbreak of World War I is often known as the inaugural
era of globalization's "Golden Age." It was characterized by the influence of post-
industrialization and technology, which facilitated the movement of people, capital, and
goods across borders.
Summary of Garret (2000) – “The Cause of Globalization”
Garrett's work in 2000, titled "The Causes of Globalization," asserts that globalization is on
the rise, driven by various societal, economic, and political trends. Three pivotal factors
behind this phenomenon are:
1. Technological innovation, which has reduced the costs of global information and
goods transportation.
2. The expansion of international economic activities.
3. The liberalization of foreign economic policies, including the reduction of trade tariffs
and barriers.
Economic integration processes
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