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Summary crude oil

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raw materials of the world, especially on crude oil and how we extract these materials

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  • September 17, 2023
  • 3
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 1
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Materials of the modern world
Alloys
1. A mixture of metals and other elements
2. Heating the metal and element together → cause them to melt and mix
Q. Why are alloys harder than their constituent metals?
- Metals mixed with other elements make the atoms harder to slide against each other
- Makes them harder to change in shape
- Can show that they are harder and stronger than the original metal


Uses of alloys
1. More useful properties than constituent metals

Alloy Composition Properties Uses

Carbon steel Carbon, iron Harder than iron Motor car bodies
More resistant to corrosion Construction materials

Titanium alloy Titanium, aluminium, vanadium Strong but low in density Aircrafts, spacecrafts, glasses frames

Bronze Copper, tin Harder than copper and tin Making statues
More resistant to corrosion

Brass Copper, zinc Harder than copper and zinc Making musical instruments,
More resistant to corrosion doorknobs, keys

Duralumin Aluminium, copper, Strong but low in density Making aircrafts
magnesium, manganese

Coinage metals Copper, zinc, tin, nickel Harder and shinier than copper Making coins

Carat gold Gold, silver, copper Harder and shinier than gold Ornaments and coins

Solder Tin, lead Low melting point than tin & lead Joining electronic circuit boards
Harder than them


Composition of crude oil
1. Thick black liquid with pungent odour (also called petroleum)
2. Most compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons (Carbon x2 + 4 = Hydrogen)
- Methane CH4
- Ethane C2H6
- Propane C3H8
- Butane C4H10

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