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Samenvatting mens-samenleving-economie
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Samenvatting mens-samenleving-economie
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,INHOUDSOPGAVEECONOMISCHE GESCHIEDENIS ........................................................................................................................ 1
1 TOPIC 1: ECONOMISCHE GROEI, WELVAART EN ONGELIJKHEID................................................................ 1
1.1 HOOFDSTUK 1: THE GREAT DIVERGENCE ........................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 ECONOMISCHE GROEI, WELVAART EN ONGELIJKHEID ................................................................................1
1.1.2 INLEIDING ....................................................................................................................................................2
1.1.3 HOE GROOT WAS/IS DE KLOOF? ..................................................................................................................2
1.1.4 INTERN PROCES ...........................................................................................................................................3
1.1.5 GROTE GELIJKENISSEN .................................................................................................................................4
1.1.6 GROEIENDE INTERCONNECTIE .....................................................................................................................5
1.2 HOOFDSTUK 2: INDUSTRIËLE REVOLUTIE EN MODERNE ECONOMISCHE GROEI ............................ 7
1.2.1 INLEIDING ....................................................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 SECTOREN ....................................................................................................................................................7
1.2.3 TRANSPORT EN COMMUNICATIE ................................................................................................................8
1.2.4 KAPITAAL......................................................................................................................................................9
1.2.5 DEMOGRAFIE ...............................................................................................................................................9
1.2.6 GLOBALISERING EN WERELDHANDEL ........................................................................................................11
1.2.7 LEVENSSTANDAARD ...................................................................................................................................12
2 TOPIC 2: CONSUMPTIE, HONGER EN OVERVLOED .................................................................................. 13
2.1 INLEIDING ...................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 CONSUMPTIE EN INKOMEN........................................................................................................... 13
2.3 CONSUMPTIE EN LEVENSSTANDAARD .......................................................................................... 14
2.4 VOEDING EN SOCIALE ONGELJIKHEID ............................................................................................ 17
SOCIOLOGIE .................................................................................................................................................. 19
1 TWEE LUIKEN IN DE SOCIALE ZEKERHEID................................................................................................. 19
1.1 SOCIALE VERZEKERING .................................................................................................................. 19
1.1.1 DOELSTELLLING VAN DE SOCIALE VERZEKERING .......................................................................................19
2 KENMERKEN VAN SOCIALE VERZKERING ................................................................................................. 20
2.1 SZ TREEDT OP BIJ HET ZICH VOORDOEN VAN EEN ERKEND SOCIAAL RISICO ................................ 20
2.2 SOCIALE VERZEKERINGEN VERSCHAFFEN VERVANGINGSINKOMENS EN INKOMENSAANVULLENDE
UITKERINGEN ............................................................................................................................................... 20
2.3 BAND MET HET ARBEIDSVERLEDEN =............................................................................................ 24
2.3.1 BEREKENING PENSIOENEN WERKNEMERS ................................................................................................25
2.3.2 BEREKENING PENSIOENEN AMBTENAREN ................................................................................................25
2.3.3 DE SOCIALE ZEKERHEIDSBIJDRAGEN: ALGEMENE PRINCIPES ....................................................................25
2.3.3.1 ALGEMENE PRINCIPES .....................................................................................................................25
2.3.4 PROFESSIONELE OPBOUW VD SOCIALE VERZEKERING ..............................................................................26
3 HET VERZEKERINGSPRINCIPE EN DE SOLIDARITEITSPRINCIPES ............................................................... 29
3.1 RELATIE TUSSEN RISICO, PREMIE EN PRESTATIE ........................................................................... 29
3.2 SOLIDARITEITSPRINCIPES ............................................................................................................... 29
4 DE SOCIALE BIJDRAGEN EN DE FINANCIERINGSSTRUCTUUR ................................................................... 30
5 DE UITVOERINGSSTRUCTUUR ................................................................................................................. 31
6 DE SOCIALE BIJSTAND.............................................................................................................................. 31
6.1 DE 4 SOCIALE BIJSTANDREGELINGEN ............................................................................................ 31
7 DE PIJLERS VAN DE SOCIALE ZEKERHEID .................................................................................................. 33
8 TYPES VAN SOCIALE ZEKERHEIDSSTELSELS .............................................................................................. 33
9 DE UITDAGINGEN VOOR DE TOEKOMST.................................................................................................. 33
9.1 VERGRIJZING: NIEUWE OPPORTUNITEITEN EN GEVAREN ............................................................. 35
9.2 ZOOM OP DE ONDOELMATIGE WERKING VAN DE SOCIALE ZEKERHEID ....................................... 36
9.3 HOGE LEVENSSTANDAARD, MET BLIJVENDE ARMOEDE ............................................................... 36
9.4 DOELMATIGHEID VAN DE SOCIALE ZEKERHEID: ............................................................................ 39
10 SAMENVATTING EN CONCLUSIES ............................................................................................................ 40
,PSYCHOLOGIE ............................................................................................................................................... 42
1 THEMA 1: KEUZE ..................................................................................................................................... 42
1.1 INLEIDING ...................................................................................................................................... 42
1.1.1 KEUZE ALOM TEGENWORODIG .................................................................................................................42
1.1.2 KEUZE .........................................................................................................................................................42
1.2 HOE KIEZEN WE? ........................................................................................................................... 43
1.2.1 RATIONELE KEUZE THEORIE .......................................................................................................................43
1.2.2 MAAR... ......................................................................................................................................................43
1.2.3 BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS .........................................................................................................................43
1.2.3.1 RELATIVITEIT....................................................................................................................................43
1.2.3.2 ANKERS ............................................................................................................................................45
1.2.3.3 EMOTIES KLEUREN BESLISSINGEN...................................................................................................46
1.2.3.4 DIVERSIFICATIE BIAS ........................................................................................................................47
1.2.3.5 CONCLUSIE ......................................................................................................................................48
1.2.4 THE PARADOX OF CHOICE..........................................................................................................................48
1.2.4.1 INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................................48
1.2.4.2 VERLAMMING .................................................................................................................................49
1.2.4.3 ONVREDE .........................................................................................................................................50
1.2.4.4 PROCESSEN......................................................................................................................................50
1.2.4.5 GEVOLGEN.......................................................................................................................................50
2 THEMA 2: MOTIVATIE ............................................................................................................................. 53
2.1 HOE KOMT MENSELIJK GEDRAG TOT STAND? ............................................................................... 53
2.2 WAAROM MENSEN BELONEN OM HUN GEDRAG TE BEÏNVLOEDEN? ........................................... 54
2.2.1 TEGENSTRIJDIGE VISIES OP MENSEN IN ORGANISATIES............................................................................54
2.3 WAARMEE BELONEN? ................................................................................................................... 55
2.3.1 EXTRINSIEKE BELONINGEN ........................................................................................................................55
2.3.1.1 SOORTEN CONSEQUENTIES.............................................................................................................55
2.3.1.2 OEFENING........................................................................................................................................55
2.3.1.3 PRINCIPES VAN CONDITIONERING ..................................................................................................56
2.3.1.4 BONUSSEN EN MOTIVATIE ..............................................................................................................56
2.3.1.5 VOORBEELDEN ................................................................................................................................56
2.3.1.6 BONUSSEN EN COMPLEXE PROBLEMEN .........................................................................................56
2.3.2 INTRINSIEKE MOTIVATIE ............................................................................................................................57
2.3.3 VISIE VAN DE ZELF-DETERMINATIE THEORIE .............................................................................................58
2.3.3.1 SOORTEN MOTIVATIE VOLGENS ZDT ..............................................................................................59
2.3.3.2 VOORLOPIGE CONCLUSIE ................................................................................................................62
2.4 HET BELANG VAN VERTROUWEN .................................................................................................. 62
2.4.1 RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSTHEORIE ..................................................................................................................65
2.4.2 VERWACHTINGSTHEORIE...........................................................................................................................65
2.4.3 KENNISVRAAG: ...........................................................................................................................................66
2.4.4 ANDERE OEFENINGEN................................................................................................................................66
, EXAMEN INFO:
- 3 delen waarvan 1 deel open vragen, 2 meerkeuze met GIS
- Open deel
o 1e vraag: 2 definities zoals great divergence, little divergence
o 2e vraag: bespreek begrippen
o 3e vraag: verbanden leggen
ECONOMISCHE GESCHIEDENIS
1 TOPIC 1: ECONOMISCHE GROEI, WELVAART EN ONGELIJKHEID
1.1 HOOFDSTUK 1: THE GREAT DIVERGENCE
1.1.1 ECONOMISCHE GROEI, WELVAART EN ONGELIJKHEID
Deze kaart geeft beeld van euraziatische en afrikaanse handelssysteem in 15 e eeuw
(sterke eco in China en India)
- Het Oosten was rijker en welvarender dan West-Europa
- Europa ligt in de periferie: we doen niet echt mee, de economische groeipolen
liggen in Azië en Noord-Oost Afrika, daar gebeurt op economisch en
internationaal handelsvlak heel veel.
- 1e decennia 15e eeuw: onder invloed van financiering en planning van de
Chinese keizer, verkende Zheng He dit gebied. China gaat deze regio in kaart
brengen. Ze verkennen de Indische Oceaan, niet veroveren want ze willen
bevoorrechte handelsrelaties opbouwen.
Begin 15e eeuw staan chinezen klaar om wereld te ontdekken, zij zijn ver gevorderd
Rond 1430 staat men op het punt om afrikaanse continent te ontdekken maar in 1433
zegt chinese keizer: ‘we stoppen met deze reizen’, waarom?
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