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CBT Test 1 Question and answers already passed 2023
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CBT Test 1What is EBPP and how does it relate to multicultural competence? - correct answer
The APA recognized the need for clear guidance on what works, and they created a
task force to take on the project of determining what constitutes practical, research-
based, and highly relevant psychotherapy practice. The result of this was EBPP, which
stands for evidence-based practice in psychology. It is defined as the integration of the
best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics,
culture, and preferences.
Know what each letter of the ADDRESSING acronym stands for - correct answer A:
Age
DD: Developmental and other Disability
R: Religion
E: Ethnicity and race
S: Sexual orientation
S: SES
I: Indigenous heritage
N: Nation of origin
G: Gender
Personal work - correct answer Involves introspection, self-exploration, and
understanding of cultural influences on one's own belief system and world view.
Recognizing the areas in which you are a member of a dominant group can help you
become more aware of the ways in which such identities limit your knowledge and
experience regarding those who differ from you. Because of the way privilege separates
dominant culture members from knowledge about minority groups, therapists must put
forth extra effort into finding and learning the knowledge and skills to understand clients
that are different from them.
Interpersonal work - correct answer Focuses on learning from and about other
cultures, which usually involves interaction with people. The ADDRESSING framework
helps therapists avoid inaccurate generalizations on the basis of characteristics such as
a person's physical appearance, name, or language. Using ADDRESSING can allow for
a therapist to think about a more relevant and broader range of questions and
hypotheses to ask a client.
How does Hayes suggest we gather the ADDRESSING information? - correct answer
Use the acronym to facilitate your consideration of questions and hypotheses that you
might otherwise overlook.
What is the central premise in virtually all behavioral models of depression? - correct
answer The assumption that depression is associated with particular behavior-
environment relationships that evolve over time. All behavioral models also emphasize
the importance of contingent (if-then) relationships between behaviors and the
, environments in which they occur. These relationships are between human activities
and their often interpersonal environmental consequences.
What was Ferster's (1973, 1981) primary assumption about what causes depression?
What two additional consequences facilitate depression? - correct answer
Depression is the result of a learning history in which the actions of the individual do not
result in positive reward from the environment, or in which the actions are reinforced
because they allow the individual to escape from an aversive condition. This decrease
in response-contingent positive reinforcement produces 2 additional consequences. 1)
when people's efforts don't result in reward, they become more focused on responding
to their own internal state than to potential sources of positive reinforcement in the
external environment. 2) A narrowing of individuals' repertoire of adaptive behaviors
since fewer and fewer behaviors are being maintained by positive reinforcement. Fester
also observed that increases in aversive consequences after behavior typically lead
depressed people to become preoccupied with escape and avoidance.
Describe Lewinsohn's (1974) model depression and the three factors that influence the
re rate of response-contingent reinforcement. - correct answer Also emphasized the
importance of response-contingent reinforcement. Conceptualized that the rate for this
was influenced by 3 factors: 1) the number of potentially reinforcing events of an
individual, 2) the availability of reinforcement in the environment, and 3) the instrumental
behavior of the individual required to elicit the reinforcement. Social avoidance was a
core part of his model. He developed the 1st stand-alone behaviorally oriented
treatment for depression.
Contemporary models of depression assume that people become depressed why? -
correct answer Changes in the context of people's lives provide low levels of positive
reinforcement and high levels of aversive control. Lives that are "less rewarding" can
lead to feelings of sadness. When people get depressed, they often pull away from the
world in important ways, and the basic routine of their lives becomes disrupted. These
processes are conceptualized as "secondary problem behaviors" because they prevent
people from connecting with aspects of their lives that could improve mood and from
solving problems that may help decrease stress and improve life context.
The BA approach to therapy addresses which two factors related to depression? -
correct answer 1) The aspects of one's life that need to be changed to reduce
depression and 2) the ways withdrawal from the world may be maintain or increasing
depression. BA accomplishes these aims through "guided activation."
Describe Jacobson's classic 1996 study and its findings - correct answer First study
to revitalize an interest in a purely behavioral approach to treating depression. Posed
this question: Could the behavioral component of CT account for the efficacy that CT
has demonstrated in previous clinical trials? Adults with MDD were randomly assigned
to 1 of 3 groups: BA only, BA+ interventions designed to modify automatic thoughts, and
full CT. Results showed that BA was comparable to full CT in both acute efficacy and
prevention of relapse
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