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Summary - Clinical Psychology: Mental Health challenges (FSWP1-060-A) $7.01
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  5. Clinical Psychology: Mental health challenges (ESSBP1080)

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Summary - Clinical Psychology: Mental Health challenges (FSWP1-060-A)
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  • Course
  • Clinical Psychology: Mental health challenges (ESSBP1080)
  • Institution
  • Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)

This summary includes the 7 problems from the course Clinical Psychology: Mental health challenges. Based on the required reading for each problem. In-depth and in detail summary that could be used as class-notes and as a summary for the exam.

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Document information

  • September 18, 2023
  • 84
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • clinical
  • mental health
  • psychology

Written for

  • Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
  • Psychologie
  • Clinical Psychology: Mental health challenges (ESSBP1080)
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Problem 1: ADHD & ASD
What is ADHD?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) = a persistent pattern of inattention
and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is at a significantly higher rate than would be
expected for a child at their developmental stage

Lack of attention in academic, occupational, or social situations

→ not completing tasks

Hyperactivity manifests as excessive fidgeting, not remaining seated, excessive
running/climbing

Impulsivity manifests as impatience, difficulty in appropriately delaying responses,
interrupting others

→ desire for immediate rewards over delayed rewards

The consequences of ADHD

Their attentional deficits and hyperactivity may make them prone to:

1. Temper outbursts

2. frustration

3. bossiness

4. stubbornness

5. changeable moods

6. poor self-esteem

Family members often see their behavior as intentional and irresponsible → can cause
resentment within the family

Predominantly inattentive symptoms → suffer most in terms of academic
achievements

Predominantly hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms → most peer rejection and
accidental injuries



Problem 1: ADHD & ASD 1

, In general → difficulty making friends, often singled out and rejected

In adulthood → less success and safety at work, poorer interpersonal relationships,
poorer academic outcomes, poorer general life satisfaction

Theory of mind = the ability to understand one’s own and other people’s mental states

Some theorists argue that children with ADHD have a TOM deficit

→ however studies have shown an executive functioning deficit, rather than a deficit in
social functioning



Diagnosis of ADHD
Are there any criteria that are unclear?
DSM-5 Criteria:

An ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes
with normal functioning or development, as marked by the following:

At least six of the following for at least six months:

Not paying close attention to details or making careless mistakes

Difficulty in maintaining attention in activities

Does not listen when spoken to directly

Ignores instructions

Has difficulty organizing

Dislikes or avoids tasks which require sustained mental effort

Loses things needed for tasks

Easily distractible

Forgetful in daily activities

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity. At least six of the following for at least 6 months:

High level of fidgeting

Not sitting still or leaving seat when expected to it




Problem 1: ADHD & ASD 2

, Runs or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate

Unable to engage in activities quietly

Excessive talking

Blurts out an answer before the question is finished

Has difficulty awaiting their turn

Interrupts or intrudes on others frequently

Symptoms were present before the age of 12

Symptoms are present in at least two settings

Symptoms reduce the quality of educational, social, or occupational ability

Symptoms do not occur during schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not
better explained by another mental disorder



Types of ADHD:

1. ADHD, predominantly inattentive presentation (6< Inattention, 6>
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity)

2. ADHD, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation (6> Inattention, 6<
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity)

3. ADHD, combined presentation



Comorbidity:

Around 50% of those with combined representation will also be diagnosed with
Oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder

→ ADHD is associated with the violation of social norms and the basic rights of others



ADHD can be distinguished from conduct disorder, those with conduct disorder are
likely to:

1. Be more aggressive



Problem 1: ADHD & ASD 3

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