Class notes
Political Ideologies - Socialism Unit
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Full notes for this unit of the Edexcel A Level in Government and Politics
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SOCIALISM1) Intro to Core Themes
2) Community
3) Cooperation
4) Equality
5) Class Politics
6) Common Ownership
7) Revolutionary Socialism
8) Evolutionary Socialism
9) Inevitability of gradualism
10)Classical Marxism
11) Orthodox Marxism
12)Neo-Marxism
13)Ethical Socialism
14)Revisionist Socialism
15)Crisis of Social Democracy
16)Neo-revisionism and the third way
Core Themes Introduction
Socialism is seen in three ways:
- Economic model: linked to collectivisation and planning (alternative to capitalism?)
- Not necessarily ‘pure’ socialism or capitalism as each system is blended
- May not be alternative, it could be a means of harnessing capitalism to broader social ends
- Instrument of labour movement: represents the interests of w/c and allows workers to acquire
political/ economic power
- Form of labourism
- Ideology characterised by ideas, values and theories
Labourism: Tendency of socialist parties to serve interests of labour movement rather than pursue
broader ideological goals
Community
Socialism offers a unifying vision of humans as social creatures:
- Capable of overcoming social/ economic problems as a community not individual
- Stresses capacity of humans for collective action (ability to solve goals together) instead of
striving for personal self-interest
John Donne:
‘No man is an Island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the Continent’
Humans are ‘comrades’, ‘brothers’ or ‘sisters’
- Tied together through bonds of common humanity
- Expressed in principle of fraternity
Fraternity: Brotherhood; the bonds of sympathy and comradeship between humans.
Socialists are less willing (that C&L’s) to assume human nature is fixed at birth:
- Believe is is malleable; shaped by experiences and circumstances of social life
- Nurture over nature
- From birth, individuals are subjected to experiences that mould their personality
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