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AQA A level Sociology Theories and Methods Essay Plans

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Course
Theory and Methods

Institution
AQA

A complete list of bullet pointed essay plans for every theories topic, research method points. Helped to achieve an A* grade once used as my main revision resource and memorised.

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Uploaded on September 20, 2023
Number of pages 9
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Sociology
Contains All classes

a level
sociology
aqa
essay plans
theories
research methods

Study Level
A/AS Level
Examinator
AQA
Subject
Sociology
Unit
Theory and Methods

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FUNCTIONALIST THEORY
PEELE 1: DURKHEIM
P – Modern society’s div of labour promotes differences and weakens social solidarity.
E – Modern society brings freedom that must be regulated.
E – Rapid change undermines old norms which create anomie.
E – It is teleological does not explain cause before effect.

PEELE 2 : PARSONS
P – Society has similarities between the body system and societal system.
E – Both have a system, system needs and functions.
E – The societal systems 4 needs (AGIL) : Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration and
Latency.
E – Merton says some parts of society may have functional autonomy.

, MARXIST THEORY
PEELE 1: MARX SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM
P – Marx focuses on class exploitation.
E – 3 successive class societies: ancient, feudal and capitalist.
E – Polarising and alienating the w/c brings the proletariat together and they become aware
of their exploitation.
E–

PEELE 2: ALTHUSSER
P – The state has 2 apparatuses to control the working/class.
E – ISA (Media, Education, Family) and the RSA (‘armed bodies of men’)
E – Legitimises capitalism.
E – Gouldner says it discourages political activism as it stresses the role of structural factors
that individuals can do little to effect.

PEELE 3: GRAMSCI
P – Argues that ideological hegemony helps the ruling-class maintain their dominant
position.
E – Through coercion and consent.
E – Counter-hegemony is needed to overthrow the ruling-class and the w/c must produce
their own ‘organic intellectuals.’
E–

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